关键词： 海洋生物  

ISBN: (纸本)9787030640574

摘要： 本书将是我国第一部关于自由生活海洋线虫研究的著作，是著作者多年来对黄海、东海、南海等海区自由生活线虫调查、鉴定和分类研究的成果，阐明了自由生活海洋线虫的分类系统、研究方法，描述了首次发现于我国海区的自由生活线虫新种120余种，新属7个。按照新种发表描述的要求和国际规范进行了特征描述，并配以插图和照片。自由生活海洋线虫是海洋小型底栖生物中最重要和最优势的类群，在底栖生态系统的能量流动和物质循环中占有十分重要的位置，高度的物种多样性和分布的特异性对海洋环境实施动态监测具有重要意义，具有很高的研究价值。该书的出版将填补我国自由生活海洋线虫研究著作的空白，有力推动我国海洋线虫深入研究的开展并为我国海洋线虫多样性编目、海洋生物资源的可持续利用及海洋环境监测提供科学资料。

关键词： 水生动物   海洋生物   哺乳动物纲   普及读物  

ISBN: (数字)9787121355165 ISBN: (纸本)9787121355165

摘要： 本书揭示了一系列意义重大的石化发现，阐明了海洋哺乳动物的起源与演变。还提到了物种保护所面临的种种挑战，简释了化石记录中物种是如何应对过去的环境变化的。这些或许可以解释海洋哺乳动物对于全球气候变化的适应情况。

摘要： Marine biofouling remains an unresolved problem with serious economic impact for different industries. Marine biofilms are the initial step of the marine fouling process in artificial surfaces and are the preferential substrata for the settlement of macroinvertebrate larvae and macroalgae spores. In this thesis, an extensive and critical literature review was carried out to digest current information on the distribution of marine biofilms, the already known chemical cues involved in their formation, as well the overall importance of marine biofilms for the marine fouling process. In addition, to understand how the marine biofilm formation process evolves, we employed amplicon-based NGS (Next-generation sequencing) methodologies to characterize early-stage marine biofilms growing on steel surfaces in two distinct seasons in the port of Leixoes in Northern Portugal. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing data analysis demonstrated distinct taxonomic and functional profiles of the marine biofilm communities in the sampled seasons, suggesting that seasonality is a major factor influencing the diversity of those prokaryotic communities. Furthermore, the sampled biofilms revealed the presence of pathogenic taxa which, accordingly to our knowledge was not reported previously, and whose abundance was significantly influenced by temporal variations. This knowledge should be important for future anti-fouling and anti-corrosion purposes. After years of application of toxic antifoulants to control biofouling, there is a strong necessity for the development of environmentally friendly antifouling products, and cyanobacteria are a particularly encouraging source of new natural antifouling compounds. An extensive screening was therefore performed with crude organic extracts of 61 cyanobacterial strains of the LEGE Culture Collection (LEGE CC) to test their anti-fouling potential. The obtained fractions of several cyanobacterial strains revealed significant activity against the growth of mic

关键词： 海洋生物   校本课程开发   校本课程实施  

摘要： 在2001年6月,教育部颁布了《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》,其中明确提出了"三级课程"的理念,校本课程成为国家课程的重要补充。通过对烟台第一中学六七年级的学生进行调查研究发现,大部分学生非常期待校本课程的开设,并且对实验技术技能、海洋生物有关内容感兴趣,倾向于自主探究的学习方式,希望通过实践活动获得新知识。根据文献调查显示,有关校本课程开发的理论很多,但校本课程的实践案例很少。本研究通过文献研究法,对研究课题的背景和意义进行阐述,理清了校本课程开发的国内外研究现状,在案例设计阶段,通过问卷调查,了解学生对校本课程的需要,结合生物学科本身的特点,将“海洋生物”作为校本课程的研究主题,并对生物学教材中与“海洋生物”相关内容进行分析,最终将海洋生物校本课程的目标分为三部分,即(一)认识海洋中的生物:包括《贝壳标本制作》、《烟台海滨藻类调查》和大型藻类面积的测量》三个案例。(二)生物体的结构层次:包括《寄居蟹行为观察》、《观察比较不同的藻类植物》和《双壳贝类取食及呼吸行为观察》三个案例。(三)生物与海洋环境保护:包括《双壳贝类潜沙行为的观察》、《盐度对菲律宾蛤仔行为的影响》和《制作水族生态瓶》三个案例。在案例实施阶段,采用观察量表,学生自评和教师评价的方法,分析学生在校本课程实施前后学习态度、探究能力、知识掌握等方面的变化。通过部分案例的实施,参与前后的同学对“海洋生物”相关内容感兴趣的比例明显提高,愿意主动上网检索自己需要的(感兴趣的)生物学信息的同学数量明显增加,课堂氛围更加活跃。大部分同学能够明显感觉到自己的进步,并且愿意去独立思考解决问题,极少数的学生没感觉到自己有所提高。根据数据结果分析,海洋生物校本课程在一定程度上提高了学生对生物学的学习兴趣,调动了学生的主观能动性。从课程实施和评价的效果来看,完成了设定的课程目标,取得了预期的教学效果。

摘要： (2019年3月25日至4月5日,纽约)谢谢主席女士!中国代表团赞同巴勒斯坦代表"77国集团加中国"所作发言,感谢会议主席和DOALOS为筹备本次会议所做的努力。会议主席准备的《谈判协助文件》很好地体现了各方前期表达的观点,中方愿以此为基础继续推进谈判。BBNJ国际协定谈判是当前海洋法领域最重要的国际立法进程,在就诸多法律和技术细节展开谈判的同时,我们需要对两个重要的方向性问题保持清楚认识:我们想要一个什么样的新协定?

摘要： Marine biotoxins in fish and shellfish can cause a number of adverse health effects in consumers, such as diarrhoea, amnesia, and death by paralysis. Worldwide, there are monitoring programs for testing shellfish on a regular basis. In some countries, testing is performed by using the so-called mouse bioassay (MBA), an assay raising both ethical and practical concerns because of animal distress and shortcomings in respect to specificity. The MBA may result in both false negatives and false positives. A false negative does not protect the consumers as anticipated and the high amounts of false positives encountered when applying the MBA lead to unnecessary closures of extraction areas, damaging local economies. A full ban of the MBA or its total replacement by analytical chemical methods has failed because these detection methods are unable to detect all toxin analogues and newly emerging toxins and will thus result in false negatives by definition. To fully replace the MBA, there is a clear need for new functional animal-free in vitro assays with specific endpoints that are able to detect both the known and yet unknown marine biotoxins. In Europe a method based on LC-MS/MS has been developed as an alternative for the MBA and is now the reference method for lipophilic marine biotoxins (LMBs) and used in the routine monitoring. However, as outlined above safety is not fully guaranteed when relying only on such a method and, as a result, the MBA is still used for surveillance purposes. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to develop a new strategy to fully replace the MBA for detecting LMBs without the risk of missing a contaminated sample that can lead to an intoxication. This was achieved by combining effect-based bioassays and a mass spectrometry analysis, including the official EU-RL method. Chapter 1 addresses the safety issues of the marine biotoxins produced by algae, corals and bacteria and summarises the current legislations and recommendations and

关键词： 栖息地   两栖动物   空气污染   塑料污染   海洋生物   宾汉姆   光照条件   珊瑚礁  

摘要： 护肤品与珊瑚礁人们会在个人护肤品中加入化学成分以抵挡紫外线的伤害,但这会对珊瑚虫和其他海洋生物造成威胁。健康的珊瑚礁是地球上最有价值的生态系统之一,它们对社会提供数十亿美元的经济和环境效益,可是却面临来自气候变化、过度捕捞等带来的严重威胁。一项由美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)开展的研究发现,全世界超过3500种护肤品中发现含有二苯甲酮(BP-3),用来防止太阳

关键词： 聚酯纤维   下水道   时尚界   海洋生物  

摘要： 一份报告显示,仅2015年,时尚界就消耗掉7900亿立方米的淡水,这些水足以填满3200万个奥运会标准游泳池。这是一个惊人的数字,但它是有依据的:制造一件纯棉T恤需要2720升水(2.72吨),什么概念呢?这些水够你喝上3到4年的。而制造一条牛仔裤需要3480升水(3.48吨)。为什么一件简单的衣服要消耗这么多水?原因之一是:棉花。每生产1公斤棉花,需要20000升水。尽管在全世界范围内,棉花的种

关键词： 生物链  

摘要： ~~