关键词： 英汉翻译   科普文本   海洋生物   翻译策略  

摘要： 科普文本的翻译对于促进各国科技进步和经济发展具有重要意义。在纽马克文本类型理论的指导下，本报告以介绍海洋生物领域最新研究成果的科普作品OtherMinds:TheOctopus,theSea,andtheDeepOriginsofConsciousness为例，具体探讨科普文本的翻译方法与策略。　　科普文本最主要的功能是信息功能，即传递和交流信息。在翻译科普文本时，译者应以读者易接受的方式再现原文信息。由于原文本体现出一定的表情文本特征，译者也应尽可能运用原文的语言特征和修辞手法，再现原文本的文体风格。本报告主要从专门术语、半技术词语、逻辑关系、比喻意象和引用语五个方面探讨翻译过程中运用的策略，包括准确传译专业术语，辨析半技术词语，以目标语表达方式再现逻辑关系，保留比喻意象和补足专业知识。希望本报告能对科普翻译工作提供一些有价值的借鉴与启示。

关键词： Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering., Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  

摘要： In the ocean, chromium (Cr) is a redox-sensitive trace metal. The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) occurs in oxygen deficient zones (ODZs), and Cr reduction in general has been identified as a significant Cr isotope fractionation mechanism. This thesis presents the first Cr isotope variations (653 Cr) in ODZs of the ocean and adds to the sparse Cr isotope data published for modern seawater. I developed a precise and accurate Cr isotope method for seawater samples. Seawater acidification converts total Cr to Cr(III) which is preconcentrated by Mg(OH) 2 coprecipitation. A three-column anion exchange chromatography scheme separates Cr from isobaric and polyatomic interferences present in the seawater and reagent matrixes. Isotope analysis is performed on a MC-ICP-MS IsoProbe. The addition of a 50Cr-54Cr double spike allows for accurate correction of procedural and instrumental Cr mass fractionations. The first Cr isotope ratio data for a full water column profile in the Pacific Ocean is presented. This station serves as a fully oxic counterpart to stations located within the ODZ of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific. At one station, Cr concentrations are lower and [delta]53Cr values are heavier within the ODZ. This is consistent with Cr reduction resulting in isotopically lighter, particle-reactive Cr(III), which is scavenged and exported from the water column. A strong correlation of [delta]53Cr and [delta]15 NNo3- at this station suggests that Cr reduction may be microbially mediated instead of simply being a product of thermodynamic equilibrium. Alternatively, Cr may be reduced by Fe(II). In the anoxic bottom waters of the Santa Barbara Basin a strong Cr reduction signal (lower [Cr], heavier [delta]53Cr) is observed, which may result from the same aforementioned Cr reduction mechanisms. A shift to the heaviest seawater Cr isotope signatures yet observed was detected in the oxic bottom waters of the shallow Arctic Chukchi shelf, while Cr concentrations decreased. This

关键词： 海滨   海滨  

ISBN: (纸本)9787109250222

摘要： 本书简要介绍了国内外小型底栖动物和海洋线虫的研究概况，重点以福建省主要红树林湿地、岛屿沙滩和厦门湾不同生境的小型底栖动物和自由生活海洋线虫为主题，

关键词： 海洋生物  

摘要： 出版社:中信出版社版次:2016年11月印次:2016年11月01日第1次印刷定价:68.00元内容简介:海错的"错",是种类繁多、错杂的意思。清代画家兼生物爱好者聂璜绘制的《海错图》,共描绘了300多种生物,几乎涵盖无脊椎动物门和脊索动物门的大部分主要类群,还记载了不少海滨植物,是一本颇具现代博物学风格的奇书。但时代所限,书中也有很多不靠谱之处,比如有些动物聂璜未曾亲见,仅根据别人描述绘制的外形,就会有很大失真。关于

关键词： 蝙蝠鱼  

摘要： 英国有一个丑陋动物保护协会,曾举办"世界最丑动物"评选活动,水滴鱼"荣登"榜首,并由此成为该学会的"吉祥物"。在海洋深处,还有哪些生物在演绎着"我很丑可是我很温柔"的故事呢?1.水滴鱼水滴鱼又名忧伤鱼,学名软隐棘杜父鱼,主要分布在澳大利亚东南部深度800米左右的

关键词： 海洋生物   白鳍鲨   潜水员  

摘要： 潜水员Jacek Dybowski来到兄弟岛附近的红海海域潜游,遇到一头远洋白鳍鲨,身边被许多小鱼儿簇拥环绕,画面十分美好。但在拍摄过程中,潜水员却发现令人心痛的一幕,这头白鳍鲨的脖子上套着一个塑料环,塑料的边缘嵌进它的肉里,勒出一道深深的伤痕,看上去非常痛苦。

关键词： 邻苯二甲酸酯   海洋沉积物   海洋生物   健康风险评价  

摘要： 本文分别建立了海洋沉积物和生物体中邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalic Acid Esters,PAEs)的高效、快速、灵敏的检测方法,并对浙江沿岸(温州、台州、舟山)采集的典型海洋生物体内PAEs的含量水平、污染特征及健康风险进行研究。主要内容如下:1.提出了固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定海洋沉积物(宁波杭州湾的北仑区沿岸、镇海区沿岸和舟山东极海域)中的PAEs含量的方法。进行了萃取溶剂、固相萃取小柱种类及洗脱剂优化,15种PAEs的质量浓度在1 000μg/L范围内与相应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.1.25μg/kg之间。回收率在79%18%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.5%.3%之间。本方法能满足不同海洋沉积物中PAEs含量检测。主要检出为:邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP),邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP),邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP),领苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP),邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)均有检出,含量5.0898μg/kg,15种PAEs总含量为13854μg/kg。2.提出了固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定海洋生物(舟山长白岛和温州洞头海域)中16种PAEs含量的方法。进行了萃取溶剂、固相萃取小柱种类及洗脱剂优化,PAEs的质量浓度在1000μg/L范围内与相应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.15.30μg/kg之间。回收率在76.4%17%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差在2.1%.7%(n=5)之间。本方法能满足不同海洋生物中PAEs含量分析。主要检出为:DMP、DEP、DIBP、DBP、DEHP均有检出,含量为0.3911μg/kg,16种PAEs的总含量为29626μg/kg。3.建立了分散固相萃取净化-气相色谱质谱法测定16种PAEs的方法,进行了萃取溶剂、固相吸附剂种类及含量、分散剂等条件优化,16种PAEs的质量浓度在1000μg/L范围内与相应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.15.3μg/kg之间,回收率在74%16%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差在2.5%.9%(n=5)之间。与固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法进行了比较,本方法省时、简单、灵敏、基体干扰小、线性范围宽、准确、精密,更能满足不同海洋生物中PAEs含量分析,并将建立的方法应用于浙江沿岸(温州、台州、舟山等海域)采集的29品种387个海洋生物样品(鱼类、甲壳类、软体类、头足类等)检测。主要检出为:DMP、DEP、DIBP、DBP、DEHP均有检出,含量0.22657μg/kg,16种PAEs的总含量为63.5840μg/kg,平均总含量为238±243μg/kg。部分样品也有邻苯二甲酸二(2-甲氧基乙酯)(DMEP),邻苯二甲酸二(2-丁氧基)乙酯(DBEP),邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP),邻苯二甲酸二壬酯(DNP),邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)检出。4.针对浙江沿岸(温州、台州、舟山等海域)采集的29品种387个海洋生物样品(鱼类、甲壳类、软体类、头足类等),进行人体通过海洋生物摄入PAEs健康风险评估。结果表明,与国内外其他水域生物体内PAEs含量相比,浙江沿海洋生物中PAEs污染处于中等偏下水平,检出的主要PAEs组分基本保持一致。健康风险在可接受范围内,PAEs对儿童的健康风险略高于成人,带鱼中DEHP致癌风险略高于其他海洋生物。

摘要： Microplastics are a diverse array of contaminants comprising a suite of sizes, shapes, and polymer types. Here I present a body of work investigating the distribution and movement of microplastics through the marine ecosystems via transportation and transformation pathways. First, I look at litter items of beaches of the Cornish coast, demonstrating that 41% of litter was plastics fragments unattributable to source and that this litter was continually re-stocked such that it was always present despite cleaning efforts. Then I took to the seas to conduct sea surface trawls in the North East Atlantic to investigate the floating proportion of marine plastic debris. Microplastics were found in every sample, yet were highly variable in concentration over geographic space ranging from 0.038 to 0.45 particles m -3 . Counter to the prevailing trends, plastic fragments (84 μm – 21.8 mm) were the dominant shape (63%), with fewer fibres present. The likelihood of encounter and therefore risk of plastic to plankton was calculated and it was found that for every 1 plastic particle, there were between 500 and 1000 plankton, suggesting very low risk of biological uptake for this region. Plastics are not just found on the sea surface and are increasingly found in benthic sediments and biota. I tested whether marine snows would act as a transport mechanism of plastics from the surface to the seafloor. I demonstrate that under experimental conditions a range of plastic particle sizes, shapes, and polymer types, all readily incorporated into marine snows. This incorporation into marine snows both overcame the buoyancy of floating particles but also increased the sinking rate of dense particles. Buoyant polyethylene went from floating as a free particle to sinking at 818 m day –1 . This repackaging of plastics also increased uptake of polystyrene in the blue mussel by 300 times compared to its uptake as a free sinking particle. I then investigated another route of plastic transformatio

关键词： 海洋生物   海洋生态环境  

摘要： 随着我国海洋事业的不断发展,海洋生物资源持续利用、海洋生态环境保护等问题日益引起关注。党的十九大明确要求"坚持陆海统筹、加快建设海洋强国"。因此,加强海洋生态环境保护、加快海洋渔业转型升级成为当前海洋工作的重要任务。养护近海、发展远洋、拓展极地渔业等海洋生物资源开发和利用为蓝色海洋发展提供了广阔的发展空间。山东省海域面积和陆域面积相当,是我国的渔业大省、海洋经济强省,在海域使用管理和海洋生态环境保护等诸多方面创造了先进