关键词： 生物污损   防污   生物膜   天然产物   防污措施  

摘要： 就近年来出现的一些新型海洋生物防污措施进行综述,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词： 海洋酸化   呼吸代谢   影响   海洋生物  

摘要： 海洋酸化是对海洋生态系统最大威胁之一。随着海洋酸化不断加剧,海洋生物呼吸代谢酶活性下降,呼吸代谢方式改变,严重影响海洋生物的正常生长发育和生存。文章主要综述海洋酸化对海洋生物特别是鱼类呼吸代谢的影响及机制,旨在深入研究海洋酸化对海洋生物呼吸代谢的影响、机理及适应机制,为控制海洋酸化提供依据,同时也为海洋生物养殖水体的调控提供参考。

关键词： 海洋生物   多彩   海洋软体动物   色彩鲜艳   海兔  

摘要： 一只华丽的头盾海兔在绿色的水草上觅食。海兔是一类无壳的海洋软体动物。海兔因形态可爱、色彩鲜艳而被一些人养作宠物．因此海兔近年来不断遭受到越来越多的非法捕捞．

关键词： 生物受激发光   发光藻   库埃特流   数理模型  

摘要： 生物受激发光探测是一种感知水中目标的新技术、新手段。选取多边膝沟藻、夜光虫和月芽形梨甲藻3种典型海洋受激发光生物体为对象,采用光谱仪、光子计数器、库埃特流场旋转圆筒等装置搭建了生物受激发光实验平台,研究了不同刺激下生物体受激发光的光学特性,并在此基础上结合概率论和数理统计理论,建立了流场刺激下的生物发光的数理模型。结果表明:发光藻的发光具有较好的单色谱特性,峰值波长集中在472 nm左右,谱线的半波宽度为30～40 nm。发光藻的发光随着机体的疲劳而变弱,但发光能力随着机体的休息会慢慢恢复。同种刺激条件下,3种藻发光强度的强弱依次为月芽形梨甲藻、夜光虫、多边膝沟藻。

关键词： Kelp Saccharina japonica   Growth   Distal erosion   Falloff   Breakoff   Sungo Bay   Laminariales  

摘要： The aim of this study was to understand the growth dynamics of Saccharina japonica (previously known as Laminaria japonica), particularly the portion lost during its growth cycle and the key factors that control loss rate in Sungo Bay, China. Growth and loss of S. japonica were investigated between January and July 2010 in Sungo Bay. Losses of the seaweed are typically the result of three factors: removal of the entire individual from mariculture ropes (falloff), breakage in sections of the thalli (breakoff), and erosion of distal tissue. Results showed that individual growth rates in wet weight ranged between 2.4 and 32.7 g day(-1). The total falloff rate was approximately 16% and took place during January and February. Breakoff rate showed a significant positive correlation with kelp length and took place during June and July. The erosion rate increased significantly from January to the end of April, reaching a maximum value of 20.4 g day(-1) on 25 April, and maintained a relatively higher value following the peak value (approximately 10-15 g day(-1)). Erosion rates were positively correlated with temperature (r = 0.787, n = 23, p < 0.01) before May;however, they were not significantly correlated with temperature from May to July (p = > 0.05). There was no significant relationship between erosion and transparency. At the end of this experiment, the ratio of total loss of carbon and nitrogen to gross production was 61% and 54%, respectively. Loss from distal erosion, falloff, and breakoff in carbon was 91.5, 4.2, and 4.3%, respectively. In Sungo Bay, the annual gross production and total loss in carbon and nitrogen were estimated to be 58,652 t C and 3,506 t N, and 36,150 t C and 1,920 t N. This is expected to have a significant impact on the detritus available in the food chain.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons   Deposits   Fishing vessels   fishing port   Restudy study areas   mariculture   Pearl River   hydrographic study area   Bohai Bay  

摘要： Two sediment cores were collected from Hailing Bay located in a typical mariculture zone of Guangdong Province, South China, and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The concentrations of the sum of 27 PAHs ranged from 62 to 1200 ng g(-1) dry wt, and sediment in the study area was considered to be moderately polluted by PAHs. Source diagnostics based on PAH composition and principal component analysis suggested that PAHs in the study area were mainly derived from petroleum combustion, with discharge of PAHs from fishing boats as an important source. Ecological risk assessment results indicate that PAHs in sediment of the present study currently have minimal adverse effect on the mariculture environment. Comparison of sedimentary inventory of PAHs in the fish harbor of the study area with those in the Pearl River Estuary and the coastal Bohai Bay indicate that the sediment has become an important reservoir of PAHs.

摘要： The biological pump controls the transport of particles from the ocean surface to the deep sea. Vertical fluxes govern chemical gradients, playing a fundamental role in the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) ocean-atmosphere feedback, driving physicochemical properties of seawater, and providing resources for benthic ecosystems. Particles vary in size and composition, originating in every trophic level as detritus, fecal material, biogenic carbonates or the organisms biomass. A recent concern is that the concomitant increase in anthropogenic CO 2 and temperature, may alter carbon fluxes and atmospheric feedbacks, as well as ecosystem shifts driven by organisms' physiological and biogeochemical responses. This dissertation focused on poorly characterised biological pump compartments and processes that are central to assess potential implications of future climate scenarios. Essentially, this thesis tackles the export of gelatinous zooplankton biomass, the role of inorganic elements (Mg 2+ and Sr 2+ ) on biogenic carbonate at high CO 2 and temperature, the combined effect of CO 2 and nutrient availability on calcifying phytoplankton, and the role of Mg-calcite benthic ecosystems on the global carbonate cycle. The first part of the thesis focuses on the organic carbon pump, describing historical gelatinous zooplankton biomass depositions at the seabed to assess particulate matter (jelly-POM) export and seasonality. A new parameterization (export ratio) of the depth attenuation of jelly-POM based on temperature and decay rate (k) is developed, for use in global models. We assessed remineralization differences between gelatinous taxa, namely jellyfish and pelagic tunicates, based on life-history and sinking speed. The later was empirically determined to provide taxonomic data on jelly carbon sequestration efficiencies. A biochemical analysis of published results was also conducted, providing the scientific community with a baseline information database. Eventually, a new gelatinous

关键词： 海虹   营养元素   海洋生物   蛋白质   维生素  

摘要： 贻贝俗称“海虹”，贝肉的干制品又名“淡菜”。淡菜不但味道鲜美，而且富含蛋白质、钙、铁、B族维生素等营养元素。海虹是一种双壳贝类软体海洋生物，身体构造跟蚶子、牡蛎、蚌等大致相同，是南北两半球较高纬度分布的种类，特别是在北欧、北美数量最多。中国多出产翡翠海虹、厚壳海虹和紫海虹等品种，

关键词： 信息高速公路   海洋生物   美国政府   亚特兰蒂斯   美人鱼   证据证明   NOAA   科学性  

摘要： “美人鱼”并不存在 美国国家海洋大气局（NOAA）不久前发表一项声明指出，目前没有任何直接证据证明，海洋存在类人动物。“美人鱼——那些半人半鱼的海妖——只是传说中的海洋生物。”作为美国政府的代表，NOAA的言论具有相当的科学性。在这之前，它还澄清过亚特兰蒂斯和百慕大三角洲两大传说。

关键词： 海洋生物学   凡纳滨对虾   遗传多样性   AFLP技术   反应体系  

摘要： 凡纳滨对虾是当今世界公认的重要对虾养殖品种之一,然而良种选育研究仍相对落后,亟需采用分子遗传学手段加以解决.本文以凡纳滨对虾为材料,对预扩增体系、选择性扩增体系中的稀释倍数、dNTP浓度、Taq浓度、Mg2+浓度、引物浓度进行比较,结果表明,300 ng基因组DNA采用5U PstI和5UMseI双酶切4 h,16℃连接过夜,连接产物稀释10倍进行预扩增,预扩增产物稀释50倍进行选择性扩增,能够得到稳定丰富的条带,最终建立了适用于凡纳滨对虾的AFLP反应体系.本研究又进一步应用优化后的AFLP反应体系,从64对选择性扩增引物组合中筛选出12对多态性高的引物组合,便于对凡纳滨对虾基因多态性位点进行分析,从而为凡纳滨对虾的遗传多样性研究奠定基础.