关键词： Sn   Hg   累积   近海生物   烟台  

摘要： 为评估烟台近海海域海产品中重金属Sn和Hg的污染状况,2009年7月,在该海域的3个海区,采集了3种常见虾、蟹样品,同时在市场上购买了7种双壳贝类样品.利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定了生物体中Sn和Hg的含量.结果表明,不同物种体内Sn和Hg含量不同,变化范围(以干重计,下同)分别为0.375～0.570 ***-1和0.060～0.340 ***-1,平均值分别为0.470 ***-1和0.140 ***-1;就市售双壳贝类而言,牡蛎对Sn有较高的累积能力,Sn含量为0.570 ***-1,而紫贻贝对Hg的累积量最高,为0.340 ***-1,Pi为1.13,属于严重污染;Sn和Hg的含量分别在栉孔扇贝和竹蛏体内最低;对于采集的生物样品,对照区中虾蛄、鼓虾和隆背蟹体内Sn和Hg平均含量均低于排污区和港口区,其中Sn平均含量分别为:***-1(港口区)、0.470 ***-1(排污区)和0.290 ***-1(对照区),Hg平均含量分别为:0.160 ***-1(港口区)、***-1(排污区)和0.137 ***-1(对照区).与其他研究结果相比,本调查中生物体内Sn的含量处于中等水平,而Hg含量较高.但除紫贻贝外,其他生物体中Hg含量均符合《农产品安全质量无公害水产品安全要求》(目前国家尚无Sn的规定限值).上述结果表明,该近海海域未显著受到重金属Sn和Hg的污染;但从健康考虑,人们应食用远离排污区和港口区的海产品.

关键词： 比目鱼   鱼类   海洋生物  

摘要： 按现代科学分类体系来看,比目鱼是鲽形目鱼类的总称,包括鳒科、鲆科、鲽科、鳎科、舌鳎科鱼类。古人对比目鱼的认识经历了由传说到典籍记载,并对典籍记载不断诠释的过程。直到清代开始,出于耳闻目验的海洋生物专著面世,将典籍记载与实地考察相结合,较为准确地揭示了比目鱼的真实面貌。民国时期,对比目鱼的认识更趋全面。本文试图通过相关文献的梳理,结合现代科学研究成果,展现人们认识比目鱼的漫长过程。

关键词： 海洋生物资源   科技创新   新兴产业   高科技   科技局   高新技术企业   局长   产业发展  

摘要： 抓创新促转型，推进区域战略性新兴产业发展，加大对海洋生物资源、海洋能源等新兴领域的支持，积极探索科技金融的新模式，拓展科技合作交流渠道，进一步加强对高新技术企业及重大项目的管理和指导，加强企业之间的技术交流。

关键词： 海洋生物学   海南海域   石珊瑚   物种多样性  

摘要： 2010年7月至8月间,采用潜水拍照的方式,对海南省文昌市龙楼镇云龙湾海域的石珊瑚物种多样性进行了调查,共发现石珊瑚9科17属24种.其中鹿角珊瑚属(Acropora)、蔷薇珊瑚属(Montipora)、角蜂巢珊瑚属(Favites)等为优势类群,常见分布珊瑚种类有肉质扁脑珊瑚(Platygyra carIlosus)、指形鹿角珊瑚(Acropora digitifera)、叶形表孔珊瑚(Montipora foliosa)、十字牡丹珊瑚(Pavona decussata)等.本次调查在海南省文昌市龙楼镇云龙湾海域记录的珊瑚种类数少于海南三亚及香港,符合造礁石珊瑚的分布呈由南向北逐渐递减这一趋势;也少于海南北部的昌江、广西涠洲岛、广东徐闻等海域,这可能是资源破坏以及调查不够全面所致.随着调查次数的增加,预计会有更多的种类被发现.

关键词： 海洋生物制剂   青岛市   中国农业科学院   农业区划   有机液肥   农业资源   总投资   研究所  

摘要： 日前，总投资7亿元的海洋生物制剂及农业有机液肥项目在青岛市即墨签约。该项目由青岛宏凯集团、中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所共同投资，建成达产后，可利用天然海藻年产12万t海洋生物制剂和农业有机液肥，

关键词： Sponges   Soft corals   Sea grass   Ascidian   Starfish   Antibacterial activity   Antifungal activity  

摘要： Bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics has led to the search for new therapeutic agents. With this aim, we have evaluated antimicrobial activity of extracts prepared from forty species of marine organisms belonging to different phyla and collected from Mandapam, south-east India, (9 degrees 16' N;79 degrees 12'E) and Kanyakumari coasts, south India, 8 degrees 4' N;77 degrees 34'degrees E. The extracts were screened against clinical isolates of bacteria including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains and fungi. The sponge, Ectyobatzella enigmatica-extract was quite promising as bactericidal agent especially against MDR Streptococcus pyogenes and except for its ineffectiveness against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp. it was as effective as standard streptomycin against each of the bacteria tested. Besides E. enigmatica, Spongia officinalis and the echinoderm Pentaceraster affinis extracts also exhibited good activity against MDR strains of S. pyogenes and Acinetobacter sp. An unidentified ascidian extract effectively inhibited the growth of Shigella flexineri and the soft corals, Sinularia sp.(iii) and Sinularia kavarattiensis were weakly active against some of the bacteria tested. Both the sea grasses (Halodule sp. and Halophila ovalis) were antifungal but not anti-bactericidal. Follow up studies showed that except Ectyobatzella enigmatica where the activity was distributed in all the fractions, the activity of the other extracts were concentrated mainly in the low polar hexane and chloroform fractions. Among the 7 fungal pathogens used in the study, Fusarium sp. was sensitive at varying degrees to 12 marine extracts while 17 extracts were weakly fungicidal against Nocardia sp. The extracts were practically inactive towards the remaining fungal strains. The standard antibiotic (ketoconazole) used was moderately effective only against Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus niger.

关键词： climate change   deoxygenation   ocean warming   ocean acidification   ocean carbon cycle   ocean oxygen cycle  

摘要： In the coming decades and centuries, the ocean's biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems will become increasingly stressed by at least three independent factors. Rising temperatures, ocean acidification and ocean deoxygenation will cause substantial changes in the physical, chemical and biological environment, which will then affect the ocean's biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems in ways that we are only beginning to fathom. Ocean warming will not only affect organisms and biogeochemical cycles directly, but will also increase upper ocean stratification. The changes in the ocean's carbonate chemistry induced by the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) (i.e. ocean acidification) will probably affect many organisms and processes, although in ways that are currently not well understood. Ocean deoxygenation, i.e. the loss of dissolved oxygen (O-2) from the ocean, is bound to occur in a warming and more stratified ocean, causing stress to macro-organisms that critically depend on sufficient levels of oxygen. These three stressors-warming, acidification and deoxygenation-will tend to operate globally, although with distinct regional differences. The impacts of ocean acidification tend to be strongest in the high latitudes, whereas the low-oxygen regions of the low latitudes are most vulnerable to ocean deoxygenation. Specific regions, such as the eastern boundary upwelling systems, will be strongly affected by all three stressors, making them potential hotspots for change. Of additional concern are synergistic effects, such as ocean acidification-induced changes in the type and magnitude of the organic matter exported to the ocean's interior, which then might cause substantial changes in the oxygen concentration there. Ocean warming, acidification and deoxygenation are essentially irreversible on centennial time scales, i.e. once these changes have occurred, it will take centuries for the ocean to recover. With the emission of CO2 being the primary driver behind all

关键词： Biodiversity   Shorelines   Armoring   Habitat conservation   Aquatic habitats   Urban habitats   Breakwaters   Habitat fragmentation   Ecological sustainability   Coastal ecology  

关键词： Animals   Aquatic Organisms*   Ecosystem*   Ecosystem*   Industry/instrumentation   Industry/methods*   Internet   Noise/adverse effects*   Noise/adverse effects*   Oceans and Seas   Petroleum/supply & distribution*   Whales  

摘要： The seismic airgun surveys used for hydrocarbon exploration and for monitoring deposit conditions can disrupt foraging behaviour of bowhead whales at long distances. They also seriously diminish fisheries catches of haddock and other Arctic species,…