关键词： 海洋生物学   地衣芽孢杆菌   尖吻鲈   生长特性   消化酶活性  

摘要： 研究了地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)对尖吻鲈(Lates calcarifer)的生长及消化酶活性的影响.地衣芽孢杆菌制剂(含量为10×108cfu/g)分别以0.0%(对照组)、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%和0.6%的比例添加到饲料中,投喂初始体重为17.47±0.19 g的尖吻鲈,养殖时间8周.随着地衣芽孢杆菌添加量的增加,尖吻鲈的增重率和特定生长率逐渐增高,在0.5%组达到最大,增重率提高9.77%,特定生长率提高4.56%;同时该组的肥满度也显著高于对照组(p<0.05).尖吻鲈的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、存活率、脏体比和肝体比在各组间都没有显著差异(p>0.05).尖吻鲈的前肠蛋白酶在0.2%组达到最大,并显著高于对照组(p<0.05),其他组别及部位的消化酶则低于对照组或差异不显著.结果表明,地衣芽孢杆菌对尖吻鲈的生长有一定促进作用,但此作用与消化酶变化相关不明显.

关键词： 海洋生物学   北部湾   二长棘犁齿鲷   矢耳石重量   年龄鉴定  

摘要： 利用2006年7月至2008年10月北部湾商业捕捞底拖网和流刺网渔获物中采集的1 276尾北部湾二长棘犁齿鲷(Evynnis cardinalis)中1 045尾耳石完整样本,对二长棘犁齿鲷矢耳石重量与年龄关系进行了初步研究.结果显示,北部湾二长棘犁齿鲷左右矢耳石间的重量无显著差异,选用左矢耳石为研究对象;用直线、幂函数和多项式等拟合二长棘犁齿鲷各类参数间的关系,样本体长(L)与矢耳石重量(OW)呈幂函数相关:OW=2.000 0×10-6L2.143 0(R2=0.952 9,n=1 045);北部湾二长棘犁齿鲷耳石重量与年龄(T)呈二项式关系:OW=0.002 7T2+0.008 1T+0.023 5(R2=0.992 5,n=1 045),矢耳石重量与年龄呈显著的线性相关性.以此估算年龄,与从矢耳石上直接读取的年龄并无显著差异,并且,通过矢耳石重量估算年龄比体长频率法较为准确.因此,在经过适当校正后,矢耳石重量可以作为二长棘犁齿鲷年龄鉴定的有效辅助手段.

关键词： 壳聚糖   海洋生物资源   综合利用   开发   食品化工   致突变效应   甲壳素   脱乙酰基  

摘要： 项目简介 甲壳素又叫几丁质或甲壳质，在自然界广泛分布于微生物、植物和动物（虾、蟹、昆虫的外壳）中。甲壳素经脱乙酰基成为壳聚糖。壳聚糖的应用范围相当广泛，近年尤以医药、化工、食品化妆品领域最为活跃。由于甲壳素及壳聚糖具有天然、无毒、无刺激性，不溶血，无热原反应，无致突变效应等特点，其应用领域逐步扩大，在医药、饲料、食品化工、轻工、农业等学科领域的研究正处于方兴未艾的阶段。

关键词： 海洋生物学   凡纳滨对虾   幼体   生长   存活率   人工育苗   温度  

摘要： 通过不同水温的比较实验,研究了凡纳滨对虾人工育苗的适宜水温,旨在了解33℃及其以上水温对凡纳滨对虾幼体生长、变态和存活率可能造成的不良影响.实验结果表明,在29、31、33、35℃这4种温度实验组中,33℃组幼体的生长最快.Z1—P15期幼体的存活率以31℃组的最高(为29.8%),其次是33℃组(为20.9%),35℃组的最低(为4.7%).实验过程中31℃组幼体的活力状态最佳、最稳定.因此,31℃左右是凡纳滨对虾幼体生长、发育的适宜水温.考虑到33℃组幼体的总存活率虽然低于31℃组,但其具有生长较快的优势,因此可认为目前凡纳滨对虾人工育苗普遍采用的31～32℃水温是合适的.

关键词： 海洋生物学   坛紫菜   总氨基酸(TAA)   游离氨基酸(FAA)   正交设计   提取   优化与分析   方法  

摘要： 以坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)为实验材料,采用盐酸水解法和浸提法,以日立L-8900型高速全自动氨基酸分析仪为测定仪器,分别研究了坛紫菜总氨基酸(TAA)和游离氨基酸(FAA)在提取过程中各条件的不同水平对提取结果的影响.实验结果表明:(1)利用正交设计L9(34)对影响TAA提取的4个条件(藻体质量、稀释倍数、干燥温度、空白值)在3个水平上进行优化实验,藻体质量、稀释倍数对测定结果影响显著,干燥温度影响不显著;通过实验筛选出各条件的最佳水平为:藻体质量为0.050 0g,稀释3倍,干燥温度为60℃.(2)利用正交设计L16(45)对影响FAA测定的5个条件(藻体质量、提取液、提取温度、提取时间、空白值)在4个水平上进行优化实验,结果表明藻体质量、提取液、提取温度、提取时间的不同水平对测定结果均有显著影响,其中藻体质量对结果的影响最大;通过实验筛选出各条件的最佳水平为:藻体质量为0.010 0 g,提取液为去离子水,提取温度为60℃,提取时间为4 h.

关键词： 海洋生物学   浮游植物   休眠期   大亚湾   沉积物   赤潮  

摘要： 于2007年4月至2008年3月对大亚湾大鹏澳海域表层沉积物中浮游植物休眠体进行了每月1次的周年调查.本调查分析鉴定出浮游植物休眠体79种,包括甲藻孢囊50种,硅藻休眠体26种.浮游植物休眠体丰度没有明显的季节变化规律,变化范围为217～6 764 cells/cm3,平均为1 376 cells/cm3;鱼类养殖区休眠体丰度较高,平均丰度为1 999 cells/cm3.浮游植物休眠体在数量上以硅藻为主,甲藻次之,而在鱼类养殖区也出现了较高的蓝藻休眠体.硅藻休眠体的平均丰度为783 cells/cm3,百分比含量为56.9%,从而反映了该海域硅藻型浮游植物群落结构.甲藻孢囊丰度的变化范围在79～1 237 cells/cm3,位于湾口对照区丰度较高,年平均为733 cells/cm3,而鱼类养殖区和贝类养殖区平均值分别为502、388 cells/cm3.异养型甲藻孢囊的种类和数量均比较丰富,其百分比含量为26.7%～82.4%.研究结果显示,在富营养化程度较高的养殖区海域,硅藻休眠体和异养型甲藻孢囊百分率均较高,而鱼类养殖区还出现了较高蓝藻孢子丰度.本次调查中还出现了易碎藻和艉杆藻等在本海域浮游植物调查中未记录种类的孢囊,有毒有害赤潮生物的休眠体如亚历山大藻、链状裸甲藻、旋沟藻、巴哈马梨甲藻孢囊等也在此次调查中频繁出现,说明大亚湾海域存在较大的有毒有害赤潮发生的风险.

关键词： 漏油事件   墨西哥湾   海洋生物多样性   海洋生态   人类活动   过度捕捞   原油泄漏   冰川消融  

摘要： 海洋的美丽。不是语言足以形容的，海洋博大而宽广，浸润人们的心灵。然而科技的发展，文明的进步，使人类和自然的矛盾渐渐加深。随着人类活动加剧（过度捕捞、海上原油泄漏等）和气候继续变暖，以往经常被人们所关注的海洋生态受到严重危害：海岸线缩短，海滩逐渐消失。小岛沉没，冰川消融。为海洋生物多样性重要组成的珊瑚礁群落也面临严重危机。海洋生态问题。已经成为了人们需要大力关注的问题。

关键词： Zero-discharge mariculture   Carbon stable isotopes   Alkalinity   DIC  

摘要： Interest in mariculture systems will rise in the near future due to the decreased ability of the ocean to supply the increasing demand for seafood. We present a trace study using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and chemical profiles of a zero-discharge mariculture system stocked with the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Water quality maintenance in the system is based on two biofiltration steps. Firstly, an aerobic treatment step comprising a trickling filter in which ammonia is oxidized to nitrate. Secondly, an anaerobic step comprised of a digestion basin and a fluidized bed reactor where excess organic matter and nitrate are removed. Dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity values were higher in the anaerobic loop than in the aerobic loop, in agreement with the main biological processes taking place in the two treatment steps. The delta C-13 of the dissolved inorganic carbon (delta C-13(DIG)) was depleted in C-13 in the anaerobic loop as compared to the aerobic loop by 2.5-3 parts per thousand. This is in agreement with the higher dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations in the anaerobic loop and the low water retention time and the chemolithotrophic activity of the aerobic loop. The delta C-13 and delta N-15 of organic matter in the mariculture system indicated that fish fed solely on feed pellets. Compared to feed pellets and particulate organic matter, the sludge in the digestion basin was enriched in N-15 while delta C-13 was not significantly different. This latter finding points to an intensive microbial degradation of the organic matter taking place in the anaerobic treatment step of the system. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anticancer   Bioactive compounds   Docking   Mucins  

摘要： Mucins play critical roles and attractive targets for anticancer therapies. It is desirable to develop new types of small-molecule inhibitors of Mucins. In this study, the binding features of several inhibitors to mucins have been studied by molecular docking analyses. Bioactive compounds isolated from marine organisms which are very potent antioxidant, free radical scavenger have been extensively studied to expolore their potential utilization in chemoprevention. The main objective of the present work is to perform a docking analysis of bioactive compounds derived from marine bacteria and fungi into the Mucin (MUC1) active site to determine the probable binding model. Docking studies of these compounds were performed using Arguslab. QSAR studies have been implemented to predict the biological properties of the bioactive compounds. The results thus implied that 14-hydroxyterezine could lead to the development of novel inhibitors against MUC1 oncoprotein. The current work has potential for application in structure based MUC1 inhibitor discovery.

关键词： artificial wetlands   dissolved oxygen   nitrification   denitrification   pollutant removal   mariculture effluent  

摘要： Vertical flow constructed wetlands, planted with and without Spartina alterniflora, were tested for the treatment of mariculture wastewater. Wetlands with and without the emergent macrophyte produced reductions of 89 and 71% for inorganic solids, 82 and 96% for organic solids, 51 and 63% for total nitrogen, 82 and 92% for ammoniacal nitrogen, 64 and 59% for orthophosphate, and 81 and 89% for turbidity, respectively. Wetlands with S. alterniflora showed denitrification tendencies, while wetlands without S. alterniflora had higher oxygen levels leading to nitrification. The results suggest the fundamental role of oxygen controlling the purification processes as well as the potential of constructed wetlands to treat mariculture effluents.