关键词： 气候变化风险   海洋气候   全球气候   政府间气候变化专门委员会   冰冻圈   初级生产   全球海洋   海洋生物多样性  

摘要： 观测表明,近百年来全球气候正在经历显著变暖。气候变暖的影响已在全球的大陆和海洋及人类社会中发生,其中,海洋存在许多严重的气候变化风险,如海洋生物多样性的减少、物种地理分布的变迁以及生产力的下降。2019年9月,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC)发布的《气候变化中的海洋和冰冻圈特别报告》指出,近几十年来,全球海洋的物理和化学性质发生明显的变化,如变暖、酸化、缺氧和营养盐的变化等海洋气候变化致灾因子的危险(害)性不断加剧.

关键词： 海洋生物   海草   海星  

摘要： 我是湛蓝的大海,我的身体非常洁净、明亮、美丽,我套着一件蓝色的外套,外套中生活着我的许多许多的“孩子们”。鲨鱼、鲸鱼、海豚、海星们在海里欢快地畅游,有龙虾、小鱼儿们在其中玩耍,还有珊瑚、海草、海藻们,它们将我打扮得异常美丽!我很荣耀也很骄傲,我不仅给许许多多的海洋生物一个温暖而美丽的家,给祖国的海洋工作带来了无穷无尽值得探寻的奥秘,更给航海的船舶提供了路径。每天看着这些海洋生物快乐地生活。

关键词： 初级生产者   生产力   碳循环   海洋浮游革命   生物演化  

摘要： 探究深时海洋生物泵的演变,对理解现代海洋碳循环的过程和机制有重要启示意义.显生宙海洋生物泵主要包括两种类型:古生代型(古生代-中三叠世)和现代型(晚三叠世-现代).古生代型生物泵以浅海底栖藻类和浮游疑源类为主导,现代型由远洋超微浮游生物主导.此外,在二叠纪-三叠纪之交大灭绝这一特殊地质历史时期,由于古生代型的海洋生物泵遭到摧毁,海洋的碳循环被扰乱,海洋中短暂出现了由蓝细菌和其他自养细菌为主导的特殊生物泵.化石记录表明,浮游藻类(颗石藻和沟鞭藻)在晚三叠世起源并在侏罗纪快速辐射,促进了现代型远洋浮游生态系统的建立,即“中生代海洋浮游革命”.这被认为是中生代海洋化学革命的关键驱动因素,同时也驱动了海洋底栖生态系统的重组(中生代海洋动物革命).浮游藻类的繁盛增强了远洋生物泵和碳酸盐泵的固碳能力,提升了海洋生态系统对碳循环扰动的缓冲能力.因此,关键海洋生产者的起源、演化及控制因素是深时碳循环领域未来需要重点研究的科学问题.

关键词： 指挥中心   新型病毒   大决战   海洋生物   海底  

摘要： 陆地上的人类正面临着新冠病毒的侵袭,那么海洋中的生物,它们还好吗?海洋中有没有和新冠相像的病毒?今天,我们就深入水下,看看海洋生物与病毒的大决战。守护家园“冲,大家给我不顾一切地往前冲!”在海底的某指挥中心,总司令大白鲨一声令下。这次海底阻击战的敌方,是一种新型病毒,来无影去无踪,躲闪能力极强。

关键词： 海洋生物  

ISBN: (纸本)9787521741117

摘要： 本书分为看见深海、了解黑暗、龙出没三卷共14章，内容包括：看见、要有光、初次闪光、海中星、奇特亮光、生物发光的“雷区”、海洋遍布火种、辉煌的谜团、黑暗中的故事等。

关键词： 联合资助   冷暖变化   国家自然科学基金委员会   地球系统科学   中国科学院   地球深部   地质演化   海洋生物  

摘要： 海洋生物碳泵的地质演化是一个涉及地球系统各圈层相互作用的前沿科学难题,被列入了国家自然科学基金委员会和中国科学院联合资助的地球系统科学发展战略研究报告.如果说现代海洋生物碳泵的研究目的在于查明海洋储碳的途径和机制并服务于碳中和等目标的话,那么古海洋生物碳泵则更多地记录了它与一些重大地质事件的关系,包括古气候的冷暖变化、海洋缺氧事件、生物大灭绝事件等涉及地球整个表层系统乃至地球深部过程的一些重要环节.

关键词： 《联合国海洋法公约》   海洋生物多样性   科研成果   海洋领域   海洋调查   古DNA   话语权   深入的研究  

摘要： 在海洋领域的国际谈判中,国际标准是仅次于国际法和《联合国海洋法公约》的理论依据.中国科学院海洋研究所研究员、中国科学院大学教授类彦立长期从事海洋生物多样性与全球变化研究,对有孔虫多样性、海洋沉积物古DNA、孢粉学和古气候与人类活动关系等有深入的研究并取得了多项重要的科研成果.

摘要： Many natural populations have a dispersal that is biased in one direction (asymmetric dispersal), due to physical factors in the environment such as currents in the ocean that transport larvae or winds that carry seeds. These physical factors create a preferred direction for offspring to be carried (the "downstream" direction). When there is asymmetric dispersal there are two parameters that define the dispersal distance, the mean downstream distance, and the standard deviation of dispersal distances. This present research analyzes the effects of the mean downstream dispersal distance and standard deviation of dispersal on the genetic diversity and gene flow of a population as well as generating new statistical techniques to quantify dispersal from genetic distances. In chapter 2, the effects of asymmetric dispersal on a population are analyzed by deriving equations for the time and location of the most recent common ancestor. These equations are dependent on the mean downstream distance and the standard deviation. The equations are verified using a numeric simulation of a population with asymmetric dispersal. These equations show that the average location of the most recent common ancestor is in the upstream edge of the habitat and the average time to the most recent common ancestor is decreased when there is asymmetric dispersal. In chapter 3, existing genetic techniques that use isolation by distance to estimate dispersal distance are analyzed and shown to fail at estimating both parameters of dispersal when the dispersal is asymmetric. In chapter 4 a new statistical technique is developed that relies on sampling the alleles of a population both spatially and temporally. Equations for the mean and standard deviation of genetic distances in time are derived and used in an approximate Bayesian computation rejection algorithm to estimate the mean downstream distance and the standard deviation. The robustness of the estimation is verified for increasing population si

摘要： The standard Gini correlation plays an important role in measuring the dependence between random variables with heavy-tailed distributions. It is based on the covariance between one variable and the rank of the other. Hence, for each pair of random variables, there are two Gini correlations and they are not equal in general, which brings a substantial difficulty in interpretation. We study two symmetric and computationally efficient Gini correlations with the computational complexity of O(nlogn). The properties of the two symmetric Gini correlations are explored. The influence function approach is utilized to study the robustness and the asymptotic behavior of these correlations. The asymptotic relative efficiencies and finite sample efficiencies are explored to compare these symmetric Gini correlations with several popular correlations under elliptical distributions as well as log-normal distributions. Most of the detailed work in this dissertation is directed toward the Pareto distribution due to its usefulness in modelling lifetime data, hydrology, competing risk data, and many other non-negative socio-economic issues. The Kendall tau and Gini correlations are explored in a bivariate Pareto distribution, comparing with the popular Pearson correlation and robust quadrant correlation. It is interesting to establish that a zero value in each of these correlations mutually imply independence in this family. The variance of the asymptotic normality for each sample correlation is derived via the influence function approach. When the second moment is finite, we demonstrate that the symmetric Gini correlation is asymptotically efficient as well as relatively efficient among finite samples. However, Kendall tau is more appealing in terms of compromising efficiency and robustness. Real data application is conducted to demonstrate the desirable performance of the two symmetric Gini correlations in this bivariate Pareto distribution.

关键词： 水生动物   海洋生物  

ISBN: (纸本)9787115563514

摘要： 本书收录了我国沿海常见的100种海洋生物，具体包括61种鱼类、11种节肢动物、22种软体动物以及6种其他类群的生物，介绍了这些物种的分类地位、形态特征、分布范围、生态习性、受保护情况、经济价值等内容，展示了这些海洋生物的形体特征。