关键词： 國家管轄範圍以外區域   海洋遺傳資源   環境影響評估   海洋保護區   國際法律約束力文書  

摘要： 国家管辖范围以外地区的海洋生物多样性，确定了国家管辖范围以外地区谈判中的主要问题，并研究了国家管辖范围以外地区海洋生物多样性的保护和永续利用。该文件旨在分析海洋遗传资源的获取和利益分享；环境影响评估以及能力建设和技术转让。还探讨了交叉主题，包括对现有法律架构和文书的潜在影响。本文对最终草案文本进行了初步分析，聚焦於有关「包裹交易」要件（第一至六部分）的一般规定、制度安排和实质性规定。分析着重指出关於谈判进展或争论的关键领域，确认一些强化文本的可能选项。第2部分首先探讨了一般规定和制度安排，而第3部分则探究了各国正在达成共识的文本选项，以及与包裹交易要件有关的任何未决问题。第4部分提供了一些结论性意见。

关键词： Environmental Chemistry  

ISBN: (数字)9781119554356 ISBN: (纸本)9781119554387

摘要： Systems Biogeochemistry of Major Marine Biomes A comprehensive system-level discussion of the geomicrobiology of the Earth’s oceans In Systems Biogeochemistry of Major Marine Biomes , a team of distinguished researchers delivers a systemic overview of biogeochemistry across a number of major physiographies of the global ocean: the waters and sediments overlying continental margins; the deep sub-surfaces; the Arctic and Antarctic oceans; and the physicochemical extremes such as the hypersaline and sulfidic marine zones, cold methane seeps and hydrothermal ecosystems. The book explores state-of-the-art advances in marine geomicrobiology and investigates the drivers of biogeochemical processes. It highlights the imperatives of the unique, fringe, and cryptic processes while studying the geological manifestations and ecological feedbacks of in situ microbial metabolisms. Taking a holistic approach toward the understanding of marine biogeochemical provinces, this book emphasizes the centrality of culture-dependent and culture-independent (meta-omics-based) microbiological information within a systems biogeochemistry framework. Perfect for researchers and scientists in the fields of geochemistry, geophysics, geomicrobiology, oceanography, and marine science, Systems Biogeochemistry of Major Marine Biomes will also earn a place in the libraries of policymakers and advanced graduate students seeking a one-stop reference on marine biogeochemistry.

关键词： 微塑料   珊瑚礁   生态系统   海洋生物   生态风险  

摘要： 全球塑料制品的产量逐年上升,伴随塑料垃圾产生的大量微塑料对环境造成潜在威胁。全球估计有30.9万吨塑料碎片存在于海洋中,占海洋垃圾的60%~80%,且微塑料难降解、具有一定的积累性,对海洋生态系统带来了极大的危害。文章综述了全球珊瑚礁分布现状、微塑料在珊瑚礁海域的污染现状、微塑料对珊瑚及珊瑚礁生态系统中其他生物的影响,并指出当前存在的问题及未来研究的展望,为海洋微塑料污染管控和珊瑚礁生态系统保护等提供重要的科学参考。

关键词： 干制标本   剥制标本   塑化标本   浸制标本   骨骼标本   切片标本   海洋植物标本  

摘要： 海洋生物标本在文化宣传、陈列展览、知识讲授、环境保护、资源开发等方面都发挥着十分重要的作用。海洋生物标本制作工艺十分复杂,依赖多位制作者相互配合,更需掌握并精通包括动物解剖学、有机化学、海洋生物学在内的多门学科。随着科技的进步和新物种的不断发现,海洋生物标本制作工艺也在推陈出新。文章以天津国家海洋博物馆“今日海洋”展厅的标本藏品为视角,分别介绍不同种类标本的制作、保存方法及现实意义。

关键词： 海底生物   媒体报道   海洋生物   南极洲   勘测  

摘要： 北京时间2月28日消息,据国外媒体报道,在南极洲冰架深处,研究人员发现几十种生物聚集在小范围海床上繁衍生息,令他们惊奇的是,在一个从未射入阳光的海底环境中,物种多样性达到前所未有的水平。如果在进行海底勘测之前科学家提出三个问题:会在海底发现物种丰富的海洋生物吗?答案可能是并不多;海底生物有多丰富?答案可能是并不是很多;海底生物生长情况怎样?答案可能是非常缓慢,然而,最终的勘测结果证实每一个回答都是错误的!

关键词： Small-scale mariculture   Small island MPA   Sustainability   Capital assets   Livelihood  

摘要： Mariculture is viewed by some as an unsustainable economic activity in marine protected areas (MPAs). Surprisingly, no study has confirmed or rejected the veracity of the view. In Indonesia's multi-purpose MPAs, mariculture is considered as part of the local communities' livelihood and resilience strategy. This study aimed to determine whether small-scale fish farming, along with small-scale fisheries and eco-tourism, contributes to the livelihood sustainability of communities in Indonesia's small island MPAs, and if the practice is compatible with the overall MPA objectives. The study was conducted in the Anambas Archipelago MPA and interviewed 66 respondents from three household groups (small-scale fish farmers, fishers, and eco-tourism operators) from 15 villages. A closed-and open-ended questionnaire was developed to determine the sustainability profile of each livelihood group. The questionnaire consisted of 75 questions representing the sustainability indicators (SIs) of the five capital assets described in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF). The SIs were measured using a Likert-scale and a Likert-type scale with multiple scales. The data were standardised using linear transformation and aggregated to calculate the SIs composite values. The study found that the livelihood sustainability of the small-scale fish farmer group is comparable to small-scale fisher and tourism operator groups. Interestingly, the fish farmer group outperformed the other two groups in relation to human capital assets by developing a strong social network. Small-scale fish farmer, fisher and eco-tourism operator groups have a composite sustainability index value of 0.55, 0.61, and 0.50, respectively, categorised as intermediate sustainability. This study concluded that the sustainability profile of each livelihood group could be improved for the specific underperforming capital assets by increasing support from the government and MPA authority.

关键词： 渔业可持续发展   国际通行做法   水生生物资源   增殖放流   海洋生物资源   命运共同体   渔民收入   生态环保理念  

摘要： 增殖放流是我国水生生物资源养护的重要举措,也是国际通行做法,对养护和合理利用水生生物资源、促进渔业可持续发展、维护国家生态安全具有重要意义。以鱼养水,构建人类与自然和谐共生的命运共同体;恢复渔业资源,促进濒危珍稀物种与水生生物多样性保护;稳定菜篮子与水产品供给,增加渔业效益和渔民收入;为生态文明建设探路先行,把生态环保理念植入人心;涵养海洋生物资源,体现渔业大国的责任担当。

关键词： 广东省中山市   海洋生物技术   南美白对虾养殖   水面面积   养殖基地   黄圃镇  

摘要： 今年上半年,南美白对虾养殖户过得很煎熬,皆因养殖成功率偏低。但是,在广东省中山市黄圃镇,广东东牧海洋生物技术开发有限公司养殖基地迎来丰收。6月2日晚上,收获的两口虾塘水面面积10亩,产量约1.3万斤,规格达到32尾斤。