关键词： 海洋生物   介绍   苍南县  

ISBN: (纸本)9787572310744

摘要： 《苍南海洋生物趣谈》选择具有经济价值、常见的海洋生物88种，分为贝类、藻类、鱼类、甲壳类等，介绍了海洋生物的形态结构、分布特征、营养成分、生活习性、医学和食品方面的应用，以及与之有关的历史典故。本书力求科学性、实用性、趣味性和真实性相统一，集纳了苍南本地闽南话、瓯语、蛮话等对各种海洋生物的俗称，地域特色浓厚，雅俗共赏。

关键词： Water treatment   metal oxide modification   photocatalysis   tetracycline hydrochloride  

摘要： CuO/Bi2O3 photocatalysts were successfully prepared by coprecipitation. The morphology of CuO was like seedlings, growing on the surface of Bi2O3 and forming nanoparticles with enhanced surface properties. Compared with pure Bi2O3, CuO/Bi2O3 nanocomposites showed a higher catalytic reaction interface and photocatalytic efficiency toward target pollutants. Six single-factor experiments were designed to investigate the performance advantages of the as-designed nanoparticles. These characteristics showed that the as-obtained CuO/Bi2O3 composite(s) could have enlarged applicability. The optimum conditions for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by composite photocatalyst were obtained by six factors and five levels orthogonal experiment. The optimal conditions for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride pollution in mariculture wastewater by composite photocatalyst CuO/Bi2O3 were the calcination temperature of 350 degrees C, the calcination time of 2 h, the dosage of 1.4 g/L, the concentration of H2O2 of 0.4 g/L, the initial concentration of antibiotics of 0.01 g/L, and the illumination time of 3 h. The decrease rate of solution under optimized conditions was 99.72%. After four cycles of repeated experiments, the degradation rate of photocatalyst can still reach more than 90%. It is proved that the repetitive stability of synthetic materials. These characteristics make CuO/Bi2O3 have practical application value.

摘要： 砷是一种有毒类金属，已被确定为人类致癌物，砷中毒会造成人体多种健康损害。砷可以分为无机砷和有机砷，一般认为无机砷毒性大于有机砷。砷脂属于有机砷，广泛存在于海洋生物组织中。之前认为砷脂毒性极低，但近年来随着科学技术的进步与发展，对砷脂的研究越来越深入，砷脂的形态分析和毒性评价也逐步成为热点。目前已知的砷脂主要包括含砷脂肪酸（arsenic-containing fatty acids，AsFAs）、含砷碳氢化合物（arsenic-containing hydrocarbons，AsHCs）和含砷磷脂（arsenic-containing phospholipids，AsPLs）三种形态，且不同形态之间毒性大小各不相同。但由于其形态结构复杂、生物利用度低、含量低以及提取和检测难度高等原因，砷脂毒性作用机制尚不明确。因此，本文综述了海洋生物中砷脂主要形态的分析方法和毒性评价的最新研究进展，为进一步阐明砷脂的形态、毒性以及对人类健康的风险评估提供参考。

关键词： 海洋生物   多糖   抗肿瘤   作用机制  

摘要： 海洋中存在着许多结构新颖、具有独特活性的生理产物,多糖是其中一类海洋生物活性物质,具有较强的抗肿瘤作用,已经成为肿瘤治疗的研究热点之一。海洋多糖来源广泛,主要分为海藻多糖、海洋动物多糖和海洋微生物多糖。随着海洋多糖抗肿瘤作用机制的不断深入,认为海洋多糖可能通过抑制肿瘤血管的形成、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、清除自由基、激活免疫系统等发挥抗肿瘤作用。通过查阅近10年的文献,就海洋生物多糖抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究展开综述,以期为临床药用提供参考。

关键词： Nitrogen and sulfide removal   Seawater-based wastewater   S/N ratio   Anammox   Sulfide-based autotrophic denitratation   Microbial community dynamics  

摘要： Halophilic marine anammox bacteria (MAB)-based sulfide-based autotrophic denitratation and anammox (MSADA) process was investigated to treat seawater-based wastewater under different influent sulfide to nitrate (S/N) ratios. This study firstly presented a novel method with merely inoculating halophilic MAB-based sludge to start up the MSADA process in a sequencing batch reactor. Nitrogen and sulfide could be efficiently removed from seawater-based wastewater at the total nitrogen removal efficiency of 93.7% and sulfide removal efficiency of 100% under the optimum S/N ratio of 0.75 in the MSADA process. Meanwhile, anammox and sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification respectively accounted for about 94.2% and 5.8% of the total nitrogen removal with the high nitrite accumulation efficiency of 92.7%. At the optimum S/N ratio of 0.75, "Candidatus Scalindua" (3.28%), Sulfurimonas (18.68%) and Sulfurovum (11.04%) were the main functional microorganisms, which had the excellent salt tolerance. The dominating functional microorganisms dynamically changed with the different S/N ratios. The microbial community composition was similar and steady when the S/N ratios were 0.33-0.75. Nitrate reductase activity was much higher than nitrite reductase activity in the MSADA system, which made it possible to keep the NO3--N reduction products at NO2--N level and provide sufficient NO2--N for MAB. The coupled process provides a new perspective in the treatment of seawater-based wastewater.

关键词： 中非合作   交流对话   命运共同体   海洋生物多样性   生物多样性保护   北京宣言   新向度  

摘要： 加强生物多样性保护,促进人与自然和谐共生已成为国际交流对话的重要内容。中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,非洲是发展中国家最集中的大陆,生物多样性保护正成为中非合作的新向度。2018年9月,中非合作论坛北京峰会发表的《关于构建更加紧密的中非命运共同体的北京宣言》指出,中非坚持环境友好,合作应对气候变化,保护海洋生物多样性。

关键词： 海洋生物   活性物质   抗衰老   机制  

摘要： 衰老会引起多器官功能衰减,导致各种与衰老相关的代谢、神经系统、心血管疾病的发生和发展,抗衰老已成为现代生命科学领域研究的一个重要课题,开发天然有效的抗衰老食品活性组分对促进人类健康发展具有重要意义。海洋生物活性物质具有良好的生物相容性,且具有易吸收、低毒性等特点,同时有助于机体抗氧化、调节肠道菌群和调控衰老相关基因的表达,因此能够作为开发抗衰老功能性食品的丰富原料。本文主要对衰老的机制学说,海洋来源的多肽、多糖、不饱和脂肪酸和虾青素等生物活性物质的抗衰老功效,以及海洋生物活性物质对衰老的干预机制进行了综述,并对海洋生物活性物质抗衰老的研究方向进行展望,以期为抗衰老海洋活性物质及其功能性食品的研究与开发提供参考。

关键词： Iron oxide   Modified-ceramsite   Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria   Immobilization   Ecological restoration  

摘要： Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered one of the serious toxic pollutants in mariculture environment. Consequently, it is necessary to develop an effective strategy to prevent the production of sulfide. In this study, we modified the ceramsite with iron (ICC) and prepared a microbial agent, i.e., the immobilized sulfur-oxidizing-bacterium on the ICC (SICC), the microbial agent was following dosed in the simulated mariculture systems to control the sulfide pollutant. Results showed that the sulfide removal capacity of the new material ICC reached to 3.42 mg S g(-1) in 24 h. Comparably, the microbial agent SICC presented a stable capability in oxidizing sulfide and the sulfide removal was above 65% in test media feeding with 600 mg L-1 sulfide even after five times of recycling. The microcosm experiments conducted in the simulated mariculture systems showed that the application of the ICC together with the SICC was able to quickly remove the existing sulfide and persistently inhibit the production of sulfide, the immobilized sulfur-oxidizing-bacterium survived stably in the new environment accounting for 1.22% of total microbial community. Therefore, dosing the ICC and SICC simultaneously might be a preferable strategy and presented a promising perspective in remediating the deteriorated mariculture environment. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.