关键词： 陈宏   培育基地   人工培育   令人痛心   珊瑚礁   生态环境恶化   海洋生物   天方夜谭  

摘要： 珊瑚礁不仅绚丽无比,它的枝丫产生的空间,更是各种海洋生物躲避天敌的家园。然而近几十年来,由于生态环境恶化,我国的珊瑚礁不断因白化死亡而“消失”。看到这令人痛心的一幕,陈宏开始研究人工培育珊瑚苗,潜入海底种植。2021年秋天,陈宏已在海南岛周边海域种下百万株珊瑚,建起了中国最大的珊瑚科研与培育基地,其学术成果填补国际珊瑚研究的多项空白。这个曾被称为“天方夜谭”的想法,终于成功了。

关键词： 我国经济发展   《生物多样性公约》   海洋生物资源   生物多样性   云南昆明   水产养殖业   渔业碳汇   缔约方大会  

摘要： 背景:联合国《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会(COP15)10月11日在春城云南昆明拉开帷幕,中国将同各方共商全球生物多样性治理新战略,共同开启全球生物多样性治理新进程。我国海洋生物资源丰富,是世界第一的渔业、水产养殖业大国,自上世纪90年代,我国产值和出口量一直稳居世界第一,渔业经济是推动我国经济发展的主导性产业之一。

关键词： 高新科技   和睦相处   海洋生物   蓝色   新城  

摘要： 海洋新城地球妈妈身穿蓝色长裙向我走来,多么优雅,多么神秘。她的蓝色长裙就是那无边的大海,那里有丰富的宝藏。依靠高新科技,我进行大胆的探索,探索这座海洋新城——在这个没有雾霾,没有拉圾,没有污染的蓝色世界,人与海洋生物和睦相处……

关键词： 塑料制品   废弃塑料   环境污染   白色污染   材料制品   媒体报道   海洋生物   自然环境  

摘要： 随着塑料这类可塑性材料制品的日益广泛普及,塑料制品在改善人们的生活方式的同时也带来不少环境问题且日益严峻,许多塑料制品在完成其使用任务后被人们随意丢弃在自然环境之中,成为不堪入目的“万彩旗”或“白色污染”;海纳百川,大量废弃塑料垃圾进入海洋严重威胁着各种海洋生物的生存;因此,近些年各种媒体报道倡议或专家呼吁少用塑料甚至是禁用塑料。废弃塑料制品造成的各种环境污染到底是谁之过呢?

关键词： China's mariculture   Global warming   Mudflat ranching   Pond farming   Sensitive species   Thermal safety margin  

摘要： China's mariculture is an indispensable part of the world's aquaculture and helps address food security issues in China and around the globe. However, this industry is facing a grand challenge from global warming. Therefore, it is urgent to assess the sensitivity of the main mariculture species and production modes to the increasing temperature. Here, we first extracted the coastal temperature data from 1465 grid cells (0.25 x 0.25 arcdegree) in the mariculture regions, and then compiled an upper thermal limit as well as culturing modes dataset of forty-two commercially important mariculture species. With these two datasets, we calculated the thermal safety margin (TSM) for each species across its aquaculture regions. Our results showed that several species with low TSMs were particularly sensitive to the current conditions and future warming, and some culturing regions face catastrophic consequences caused by high temperature and potential heatwaves. It is also noted that several mariculture modes like pond farming and mudflat ranching were more vulnerable compared to other mariculture modes. In summary, China's mariculture industry is sensitive to global warming at present and in the future. Our present study also provided tools to assess the risks in mariculture production and suggested solutions for future mitigation and adaptations.

关键词： Marine aquaculture   Pond-culture   Raft-culture   Herbicide   Species sensitivity distribution (SSD)   Probabilistic risks  

摘要： China is the largest mariculture producer in the world. In recent years, pharmaceuticals and pesticides have been widely used in mariculture activities;however, most studies have only focused on the occurrence of limited types of antibiotics and organochlorine pesticides. It is critical to comprehensively investigate the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in mariculture areas and assess their potential impacts on ocean ecosystems. In this study, the occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk of 484 compounds, including 296 pesticides, 156 pharmaceuticals, and 32 other substances, in the drainage ditches of culture ponds and raft-culture areas were investigated. A total of 51 compounds were detected in the mariculture area, with total concentrations ranging from 5.4 x 10(2) to 2.0 x 10(4) ng/L at each sampling site. Eleven pesticides, three pharmaceuticals, and five other compounds were detected with detection frequencies of 100%. The cluster analysis indicated that mariculture is a source of herbicide pollution in coastal waters. To assess the ecological risks of the detected compounds, toxicity data collected from the database and predicted from quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models were used to calculate the risk quotients and probabilistic risks. According to the risk quotients, five pollutants, including diuron, ametryn, prometryne, simetryn, and terbutryn, were estimated to pose high risks to marine organisms. The results of the probabilistic risk assessment indicated that only diuron, a biocide used in antifouling paint and mariculture, would have an adverse effect on up to 8% of the aquatic species in nearshore areas. These findings could be helpful in determining the aquatic benchmarks of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in mariculture discharge to promote the sustainable development of mariculture and ecological protection in coastal areas. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recirculating aquaculture systems   Mariculture solid wastes   Thermophilic bacteria   Alkyl polyglucose   Denitrification   COD/NO3--N ratio  

摘要： In marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), efficient nitrogen removal is challenging due to the high NO3--N concentration, low organic matters content, and high salinity. In this study, mariculture solid wastes (MSW) acidogenic liquid pretreated by thermophilic bacteria (TB) combined with alkyl polyglucose (APG) was first used as carbon source for denitrification to remove NO3--N. TB + APG pretreatment could accelerate the hydrolysis of MSW, and the highest volatile fatty acids (VFAs) yield (40.3%) was obtained with TB + 0.2 g/g VSS APG pretreatment. MSW acidogenic liquid pretreated by TB + 02 g/g VSS APG was a reliable carbon source for denitrification, and the optimum COD/NO3--N ratio (C/N) was 8 with no residue of NOx(-)-N. VFAs were more effectively utilized by denitrifiers than carbohydrate and protein. The high denitrification potential (P-DN) and denitrification rate (V-DN) indicated the higher denitrification ability at C/N of 8 using MSW acidogenic liquid as carbon source. The outcomes of this work could provide useful information for promoting technological innovation in marine RAS wastewater treatment. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Evaporation  

摘要： Solar-driven interfacial evaporation shows great prospects for seawater desalination with its rapid fast evaporation rate and high photothermal conversion efficiency. Here, a sustainable, biodegradable, non-toxic, and highly efficient full ocean biomass-based solar-driven evaporator is reported, which is composed of chitosan (CS) hydrogel as the hydratable skeleton and cuttlefish ink (CI) as the photothermal material. Under solar irradiation, the cuttlefish ink powder harvests solar energy and heats the surrounding water. Simultaneously, the water in the three-dimensional network of chitosan hydrogel is rapidly replenished by the interconnected porous structure and the hydrophilic functional groups attached to the polymer chains. With its enlarged evaporation surface, high solar absorptance, adequate water transportation, good salt drainage, and heat localization, the CI/CS-based evaporator achieves a remarkable evaporation rate of 4.1 kg m(-2) h(-1) under one sun irradiance (1 kW m(-2)) with high-quality freshwater yields. This full ocean biomass-based evaporator with abundant raw material availability provides new possibilities for an efficient, stable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly solar evaporator with guaranteed water quality.

关键词： 浮游生物   海洋生物   水母   世博园   花样游泳   形色各异   桃花   触角  

摘要： 水母是海洋中一种美丽的浮游生物,其体内95%以上是水分,身体外形呈透明伞状,且部分水母带有形色各异的花纹,在蔚蓝色的海洋里,这些裙带飘飘、体态轻盈的水母宛如"梦幻精灵"。水母大的直径约2厘米左右,小的则有1厘米左右。它们在水中形态多变,晶莹透亮,全身呈乳白色,身体柔软如绸,长着无数个触角,悠然自得地游着。那些呈桃花形分布的触角状物体,游动起来就像飘落在水中的桃花在表演"花样游泳",又像天上的流星在水中闪烁。位于青岛世博园东北侧植物馆内的水母大世界,是一处集水母等海洋生物展示、教育、科研于一体的迄今为止国内唯一一座建设在山地上的水母展馆。