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关键词： 氯离子   地下水修复   离子交换  

摘要： 调查发现,上海市某地块地下水中氯离子、氨氮、化学需氧量(COD)的浓度超出《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848―2017)中的Ⅳ类水标准,使地块及周边区域水环境存在被污染的风险.污染地下水经小试和中试试验,在0.01%次氯酸钠+0.1%芬顿试剂+10 min的停留时间下,修复后满足GB/T 14848―2017 中Ⅳ类水标准,修复治理经济、高效,可为后续大规模的实施提供参考.

摘要： Anthropogenic induced climate change is predicted to alter distribution of existing plant populations. As plants migrate over space and time, populations often fragment and contract, affecting basic elements of population dynamics (e. g., population size, gene flow, genetic diversity, etc. ). Little is known, however, how these impacts on plant species will impact fungal symbionts of plants. Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi are obligate symbionts of many forest trees. This is especially true for members of the Pinaceae, which are dominant members of temperate coniferous forests. In exchange for photosynthates, EcM provide numerous ecological services, including water and nutrient acquisition, to their host trees. EcM fungi can also serve as important food sources for forest animals and act as carbon sinks in forest ecosystems, and thus function as important links between primary producers and forest nutrient cycles. This dissertation used community ecology and population genomic approaches to characterize the impacts on historical climate events associated with the formation of the Madrean Sky Island Archipelago (Arizona, USA–Sonora, Mexico) on the community and population structure in the EcM genus Rhizopogon. The Madrean Sky Island Archipelago (MSIA) is a fragmented landscape of temperate plant communities that are the products of multiple retreats and contractions of these communities to higher elevations. During the Pleistocene glacial cycles (~90, 000-20, 000 years before present), temperate plant species, such as Pinus spp. were found at lower elevation forming a continuous forest across interconnected mountain ranges. Today, pine communities are only found at high elevations, isolated by a "sea" of the Sonoran Desert with limited genetic exchange among them. While there has been research conducted on the postglacial expansion of animals and plants, our understanding of populations of plant symbionts remains limited. Rhizopogon is a dominant genus of EcM that commo

摘要： Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is a human carcinogen that occurs in groundwater worldwide. While not federally regulated, the State of California has drafted a new Cr(VI) maximum contaminant level at 10 μg/L, expected to go into effect in early 2024. This study synthesizes, characterizes, and verifies performance of a hybrid strong base anion exchanger with nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI-resin) for trace Cr(VI) removal from drinking water. NZVI-resin was synthesized by exchanging tetrachloroferrate ion, FeCl 4 -, onto the resin prior to sodium borohydride, NaBH 4 , reduction. Important synthesis variables included reagent concentrations and molar ratios, solvent selection, temperature, and drying procedure. Material characterization techniques (e.g. SEM-EDS and XPS) determined NZVI presence and distribution on the resin. Our work has shown 360% throughput by NZVI-resin compared to unmodified resin for trace Cr(VI) removal in column experimentation. This work presents a broad assessment of the material characteristics of NZVI-resin and its practicality for Cr(VI) treatment.

摘要： Alcohol use disorder is known to have significant genetic components that contribute to an individual's susceptibility to the disease. Mouse models are commonly used to study the mechanisms underlying alcohol use disorder, with C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) being two of the more prominently used inbred strains. Research in the Miles Laboratory has used these two strains, and genetic panels of mice derived from them, to identify potential genes associated with variance in ethanol-related behaviors using quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. For example, Ninein (Nin) was identified as a potential candidate gene for the anxiolytic effects of ethanol, discovered because it resides in the confidence interval for a QTL and shows mRNA expression differences between B6 and D2 mice. This differential expression was identified using counts of RNA-Seq reads that have been aligned to a reference genome, specifically the B6 reference genome. Due to the known genetic differences between the two strains, it is possible that the D2 samples could benefit from being aligned to a D2 genome instead of the B6. This would lead to better results overall due to improved read alignment and identification of novel splicing events that might be seen in D2 mice. To test this hypothesis, a dataset consisting of deep (150 million reads) sequencing of RNA from nucleus accumbens of both B6 and D2 mice was used for multiple bioinformatics analyses (differential expression, gene ontology, semantic similarity, differential exon utilization, splice site location, and alternative splicing) with both B6 aligned D2 counts and D2 aligned D2 counts. End results of each analysis were then compared for significant differences in outcomes. The results of this analysis show that when aligning D2 samples to the D2 genome a majority of differentially expressed genes and differentially utilized exons are retained from the B6 aligned analysis while many new genes and exons are identified that are unique to the D

关键词： 假性剥脱性青光眼   生物标志物   基因组学   蛋白组学   代谢组学  

摘要： 假性剥脱性青光眼(PEXG)是一种严重危害视力的眼部疾病,较原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)更具侵袭性,对视神经的损害更严重,预后更差,且对治疗有较高的耐药性。早期诊断PEXG有助于及时治疗,并延缓疾病进展,因此确定适当的生物标志物至关重要。近几年来,越来越多的人开始研究PEXG的生物标志物,希望通过基因组学、转录组学、蛋白组学、代谢组学以及脂质组学标志物的研究,了解该病的发病机制,寻找PEXG潜在的早期诊断和治疗靶点,对该疾病提供一定帮助。本文将对近几年PEXG的生物标志物研究进展进行阐述,其中一些生物标志物可能在未来对PEXG的早期诊断提供新思路。

关键词： 生物法脱毒   黄曲霉毒素B_(1)   脱除机制  

摘要： 黄曲霉毒素是危害最大的真菌毒素之一,而黄曲霉毒素B_(1)(AFB_(1))是黄曲霉毒素中毒性最大的一种,具有高毒性、致癌、致畸和致突变的作用,对动物和人类健康造成危害。为了有效脱除AFB_(1),综述了近年来研究的具有解毒作用的微生物,介绍了采用生物技术脱除AFB_(1)的方法,重点探讨了生物脱除AFB_(1)机制。用于脱除AFB_(1)的菌株有芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌、乳酸菌、非产毒曲霉等,可采用单菌种发酵、多菌种协同发酵和菌-酶协同作用脱除AFB_(1)。生物脱除AFB_(1)机制主要为降解脱除和吸附脱除。可进一步筛选具有高优良能力的菌株以及更深层次地研究微生物脱毒的机制,探索微生物制剂对AFB_(1)的降解作用。