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关键词： Salmonella typhimurium   Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)   SPI-2   Type VI Secretion System (T6SS)   Boolean modeling   Cross-talk network  

摘要： Background: Three pathogenicity islands, viz. SPI-1 (Salmonella pathogenicity island 1), SPI-2 (Salmonella pathogenicity island 2) and T6SS (Type VI Secretion System), present in the genome of Salmonella typhimurium have been implicated in the virulence of the pathogen. While the regulation of SPI-1 and SPI-2 (both encoding components of the Type III Secretion System-T3SS) are well understood, T6SS regulation is comparatively less studied. Interestingly, inter-connections among the regulatory elements of these three virulence determinants have also been suggested to be essential for successful infection. However, till date, an integrated view of gene regulation involving the regulators of these three secretion systems and their cross-talk is not available. Results: In the current study, relevant regulatory information available from literature have been integrated into a single Boolean network, which portrays the dynamics of T3SS (SPI-1 and SPI-2) and T6SS mediated virulence. Some additional regulatory interactions involving a two-component system response regulator YfhA have also been predicted and included in the Boolean network. These predictions are aimed at deciphering the effects of osmolarity on T6SS regulation, an aspect that has been suggested in earlier studies, but the mechanism of which was hitherto unknown. Simulation of the regulatory network was able to recreate in silico the experimentally observed sequential activation of SPI-1, SPI-2 and T6SS. Conclusions: The present study integrates relevant gene regulatory data (from literature and our prediction) into a single network, representing the cross-communication between T3SS (SPI-1 and SPI-2) and T6SS. This holistic view of regulatory interactions is expected to improve the current understanding of pathogenesis of S. typhimurium.

标准号: DB65/T 3537.1-2013

关键词： social identity   functional neuroimaging   self-perception   group identification  

摘要： Social identity, the part of the self-concept derived from group membership, is a key explanatory construct for a wide variety of behaviors, ranging from organizational commitment to discrimination toward out-groups. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined the neural basis of social identity through a comparison with the neural correlates of self-face perception. Participants viewed a series of pictures, one at a time, of themselves, a familiar other, in-group members, and out-group members. We created a contrast for self-face perception by subtracting brain activation in response to the familiar other from brain activation in response to the self face, and a contrast for social identity by subtracting brain activation in response to out-group faces from brain activation in response to in-group faces. In line with previous research, for the self-familiar other contrast we found activation in several right-hemisphere regions (inferior frontal gyrus, inferior and superior parietal lobules). In addition, we found activation in closely-adjacent brain areas for the social identity contrast. Importantly, significant clusters of activation in this in-group-out-group contrast only emerged to the extent that participants reported high identification with the in-group. These results suggest that self-perception and social identity depend on partly similar neural processes.

关键词： 数字信息   中华医学会   发表论文   杂志   object   管理系统   互联网   分布式  

摘要： 数字对象标识符（digital object identifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具，是一个可供全球期刊快速链接的管理系统，整个系统由国际DOI基金会（IDF）进行全球分布式管理。

关键词： 数字信息   人兽共患病   标注   学报   中国   object   数字资源   条形码  

摘要： 数字对象唯一标识符（digital object identifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。它为数字信息提供了全球唯一的身份标识，就如同出版物贴上了条形码一样，无论走到哪里都有踪迹可寻。因而DOI被形象地称为数字资源的条形码或身份证。

关键词： 数字信息   中华医学会   标注   杂志   object   国际标准   出版物   互联网  

摘要： 数字对象唯一标识符（distal object identifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息住内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中，书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号（ISBN、ISSN、ISCN）及其条形码，作为出版物的唯一标识。

关键词： 中华医学会杂志社   数字信息   标注   网络传播   数字资源   2009年   知识产权   数字化  

摘要： 数字对象惟一标识符（digitalobjectidentifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。为了实现中华医学会系列杂志内容资源的有效数字化传播，同时保护这些数字资源在网络链接中的知识产权和网络传播权，为标识对象的版权状态提供基础，实现对数字对象版权状态的持续追踪，自2009年第1期开始，中华医学会系列杂志纸版期刊和数字化期刊的论文将全部标注DOI。即中华医学会系列杂志除科普和消息类稿件外，其他文章均需标注DOI，DOI标注于每篇文章首页脚注的第1项。由中华医学会杂志社各期刊编辑部为决定刊载的论文标注DOI。

关键词： My   Eclipse   Dream   weaver   Java   Web   开发环境  

摘要： 剖析Java Web应用的开发、部署过程和原理,依托常用开发平台Dream weaver、My Eclipse,搭建Java Web的开发环境,发挥其各自优势,寻求高效开发方法,提升了开发效率,并以开发案例加以说明。

关键词： 数字信息   2009年   中华医学会   标注   杂志   出版物   国际标准   互联网  

摘要： 数字对象惟一标识符（digitalobjectidentifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中，书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号（ISBN、ISSN、ISCN）及其条形码，作为出版物的惟一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理，便于读者查找和利用。而网上的文档一旦变更了网址便无从追索。

关键词： LISP   Mobile networks   EID-LOC mapping   Distributed management   Analysis  

摘要： The Locator Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) has been proposed as an identifier-locator separation scheme for scalable Internet routing. However, LISP was originally designed in the fixed network environment rather than in the mobile network environment. In particular, the existing LISP mobility schemes are based on a centralized map server that is used as an anchor point for mobile nodes, and thus intrinsically subject to some limitations in mobile environment. In this paper, we propose a distributed mapping management of Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs) and Locators (LOCs) in mobile LISP networks. We use Routing LOC (RLOC) and Local LOC (LLOC) as locators for mobile hosts. RLOC represents the IP address of the domain gateway, and LLOC is the IP address of the access router that a host is currently attached to. For EID-LOC mapping management, each network domain has a Distributed Map Server (DMS) over its gateway. Each DMS keeps track of the EID-LOC mapping information for mobile hosts in the distributed way. The proposed scheme is also a network-based approach, in which each access router, instead of a host, performs the mapping management operations. From the performance analysis, we can see that the proposed distributed scheme can give better performance than the existing schemes in terms of the signaling delays required for EID-LOC mapping update and query operations.