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关键词： 数字信息   发表论文   杂志   关节   中国   出版物   国际标准   条形码  

摘要： 数字对象标识符（digitalobjcct idcntificr，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中，书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号（ISBN、ISSN、ISCN）及其条形码，作为出版物的惟一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理，便于读者查找和利用。而网上的文档一旦变更了网址（URL）便无从追索。

关键词： 数字信息   2009年   中华医学会   标注   杂志   出版物   国际标准   条形码  

摘要： 数字对象惟一标识符（digitalobject identifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中，书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号（ISBN、ISSN、ISCN）及其条形码，作为出版物的惟一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理，便于读者查找和利用。而网上的文档一旦变更了网址便无从追索。数字信息所标注的DOI如同出版物的条形码，是一个永久和惟一的标识号。

关键词： 数字信息   中华医学会   标注   杂志   object   互联网  

摘要： 数字对象惟一标识符（digital object identifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。

关键词： 数   Object   条形码   身份证  

摘要： 数字对象唯一标识符（Digital Object Unique Identifier，DOI）的体现形式主要包括：二维码、条形码、字符码、网络域名等，数字对象唯一性，是DOI的典型特征，也是数字时代的“身份证”号码。本刊自2013年申请加入中文DOI。

关键词： 中华医学会杂志社   数字信息   发表论文   管理系统   网络传播   数字资源   2009年   知识产权  

摘要： 数字对象标识符（digitalobjectidentifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具，是一个可供全球期刊快速链接的管理系统，整个系统由国际DOI基金会（IDF）进行全球分布式管理。为了实现中华医学会系列杂志内容资源的有效数字化传播，同时保护这些数字资源在网络链接中的知识产权和网络传播权，自2009年第1期开始，中华医学会系列杂志纸版期刊和数字化期刊的论文已全部标注“DOI”，即中华医学会系列杂志除消息类稿件外，其他文章均需标注DOI，标注于每篇文章首页脚注的第1项。中华医学会杂志社各杂志编辑部为决定刊载的论文标注DOI。

关键词： Synthetic cannabinoids   Herbal highs   Legal highs   New designer drugs   Frequency   Types  

摘要： In recent years, synthetic cannabinoids have been frequently observed in seized materials all over the world. This new generation of designer drugs, mixed with herbal substances, is also known as "Herbal Highs" or "Legal Highs". There are many articles about the history, type and pharmaco-chemical properties of synthetic cannabinoids in the literature;however the number of articles about the frequency of their detection is limited. In this study, we evaluated the type and detection frequency of synthetic cannabinoids in Istanbul and its surrounding area. The reports of the Council of Forensic Medicine-Istanbul Narcotic Department were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal compounds sent by the judicial authorities between August 01, 2010 and March 31, 2012. Among 1200 herbal compounds, 1179 of them (98.3%) contained synthetic cannabinoids. Twenty-one samples (1.7%) had other psychoactive substances. The analysis of 1179 samples showed that JWH-018 was present in 1172 (99.4%) of the samples. JWH-081 was found in 777 samples (65.9%) together with JWH-018. Samples had different package names. "Bonzai Aromatic Potpourri" (n = 755;64.0%) and "Bonzai Plant Growth Regulator" (n = 316;26.8%) were the most common product names amongst the herbal products in this study. It is clear from the present study and previous studies that brand name of synthetic cannabinoids that dominate the market exhibit regional differences as to the type and detection frequency of synthetic cannabinoids and the content of herbal highs packages. The number and diversity of synthetic cannabinoid compounds have increased dramatically in the drug market in recent years. New, different, potent derivatives appear on the market, almost every clay and this presents important problems that need to be solved by scientists and judicial authorities working to prevent their harm. These problems include the limited knowledge about their frequency, the lack of analytical

关键词： Cloud computing   Privacy preservation   Incremental data set   Anonymization   Quasi-identifier index  

摘要： Cloud computing provides massive computation power and storage capacity which enable users to deploy applications without infrastructure investment. Many privacy-sensitive applications like health services are built on cloud for economic benefits and operational convenience. Usually, data sets in these applications are anonymized to ensure data owners' privacy, but the privacy requirements can be potentially violated when new data join over time. Most existing approaches address this problem via re-anonymizing all data sets from scratch after update or via anonymizing the new data incrementally according to the already anonymized data sets. However, privacy preservation over incremental data sets is still challenging in the context of cloud because most data sets are of huge volume and distributed across multiple storage nodes. Existing approaches suffer from poor scalability and inefficiency because they are centralized and access all data frequently when update occurs. In this paper, we propose an efficient quasi-identifier index based approach to ensure privacy preservation and achieve high data utility over incremental and distributed data sets on cloud. Quasi-identifiers, which represent the groups of anonymized data, are indexed for efficiency. An algorithm is designed to fulfil our approach accordingly. Evaluation results demonstrate that with our approach, the efficiency of privacy preservation on large-volume incremental data sets can be improved significantly over existing approaches. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Simulium   S. limbatum   S. incrustatum   DNA barcoding   Taxonomy   Systematics   Cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1)   Amazonia focus   Onchocerciasis  

摘要： The Amazonia onchocerciasis focus of southern Venezuela and northern Brazil is the larger of the two remaining Latin American onchocerciasis foci where disease transmission still occurs and is often regarded as the most challenging of all the Latin American foci to eliminate onchocerciasis. The site is home to a population of over 20,000 semi-nomadic, hunter-gatherer Yanomami people and is made-up of a mosaic of rainforest and savannah ecologies, which are influenced by the area's undulating terrain and rich geological diversity. At least six blackfly vectors have been implicated in onchocerciasis transmission in this focus;however, because of the difficulty in their routine identification the relative importance of each has been obscured. Simulium limbatum and Simulium incrustatum s.l. have both been recorded as vectors in the Amazonia focus, but they are difficult to discriminate morphologically and thus the ecological range of these species, and indeed the presence of S. limbatum in the Amazonia focus at all, have remained controversial. In the work described here, we report 15 S. incrustatum s.l. CO1 sequences and 27 S. limbatum sequences obtained from field-caught adult female blackflies collected from forest and savannah localities, inside and just outside the Amazonia focus. Phylogenetic analysis with the sequences generated in this study, showed that both the S. limbatum and the S. incrustatum s.l. CO1 sequences obtained (even from specimens living in sympatry) all fell into discrete species-specific bootstrap-supported monophyletic groups and thus confirmed the utility of the CO1 gene for identifying both these species inside the Amazonia focus. As the S. limbatum-exclusive cluster included CO1 sequences obtained from forest-caught and morphologically identified specimens these results provide the clearest evidence yet of the presence of S. limbatum inside the Amazonia focus. The question, however, of whether S. hmbatum is actually a vector in the focus sti

关键词： Pseudonymization   Pseudonymisation   Pseudonym   Anonyms and pseudonyms   Translational research   Biobanking   Data privacy   Individual research results   Record linkage   Re-identification   De-pseudonymization   De-pseudonymisation  

摘要： Background: The usage of patient data for research poses risks concerning the patients' privacy and informational self-determination. Next-generation-sequencing technologies and various other methods gain data from biospecimen, both for translational research and personalized medicine. If these biospecimen are anonymized, individual research results from genomic research, which should be offered to patients in a clinically relevant timeframe, cannot be associated back to the individual. This raises an ethical concern and challenges the legitimacy of anonymized patient samples. In this paper we present a new approach which supports both data privacy and the possibility to give feedback to patients about their individual research results. Methods: We examined previously published privacy concepts regarding a streamlined de-pseudonymization process and a patient-based pseudonym as applicable to research with genomic data and warehousing approaches. All concepts identified in the literature review were compared to each other and analyzed for their applicability to translational research projects. We evaluated how these concepts cope with challenges implicated by personalized medicine. Therefore, both person-centricity issues and a separation of pseudonymization and de-pseudonymization stood out as a central theme in our examination. This motivated us to enhance an existing pseudonymization method regarding a separation of duties. Results: The existing concepts rely on external trusted third parties, making de-pseudonymization a multistage process involving additional interpersonal communication, which might cause critical delays in patient care. Therefore we propose an enhanced method with an asymmetric encryption scheme separating the duties of pseudonymization and de-pseudonymization. The pseudonymization service provider is unable to conclude the patient identifier from the pseudonym, but assigns this ability to an authorized third party (ombudsman) instead. To solve

关键词： Mixture Model   Molecular Identification   Spectral Count   Mapping Resource   Spectral Event  

摘要： Background: In bioinformatics, we pre-process raw data into a format ready for answering medical and biological questions. A key step in processing is labeling the measured features with the identities of the molecules purportedly assayed: "molecular identification" (MI). Biological meaning comes from identifying these molecular measurements correctly with actual molecular species. But MI can be incorrect. Identifier filtering (IDF) selects features with more trusted MI, leaving a smaller, but more correct dataset. Identifier mapping (IDM) is needed when an analyst is combining two high-throughput (HT) measurement platforms on the same samples. IDM produces ID pairs, one ID from each platform, where the mapping declares that the two analytes are associated through a causal path, direct or indirect (example: pairing an ID for an mRNA species with an ID for a protein species that is its putative translation). Many competing solutions for IDF and IDM exist. Analysts need a rigorous method for evaluating and comparing all these choices. Results: We describe a paradigm for critically evaluating and comparing IDF and IDM methods, guided by data on biological samples. The requirements are: a large set of biological samples, measurements on those samples from at least two high-throughput platforms, a model family connecting features from the platforms, and an association measure. From these ingredients, one fits a mixture model coupled to a decision framework. We demonstrate this evaluation paradigm in three settings: comparing performance of several bioinformatics resources for IDM between transcripts and proteins, comparing several published microarray probeset IDF methods and their combinations, and selecting optimal quality thresholds for tandem mass spectrometry spectral events. Conclusions: The paradigm outlined here provides a data-grounded approach for evaluating the quality not just of IDM and IDF, but of any pre-processing step or pipeline. The results will help r