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关键词： Classification rules   Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders   Large margin classification   Missing data   Statistical learning   Support vector machine  

摘要： Constructing classification rules for accurate diagnosis of a disorder is an important goal in medical practice. In many clinical applications, there is no clinically significant anatomical or physiological deviation that exists to identify the gold standard disease status to inform development of classification algorithms. Despite the absence of perfect disease class identifiers, there are usually one or more disease-informative auxiliary markers along with feature variables that comprise known symptoms. Existing statistical learning approaches do not effectively draw information from auxiliary prognostic markers. We propose a large margin classification method, with particular emphasis on the support vector machine, assisted by available informative markers to classify disease without knowing a subject's true disease status. We view this task as statistical learning in the presence of missing data, and introduce a pseudo-Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to the classification. A major difference between a regular EM algorithm and the algorithm proposed here is that we do not model the distribution of missing data given the observed feature variables either parametrically or semiparametrically. We also propose a sparse variable selection method embedded in the pseudo-EM algorithm. Theoretical examination shows that the proposed classification rule is Fisher consistent, and that under a linear rule, the proposed selection has an oracle variable selection property and the estimated coefficients are asymptotically normal. We apply the methods to build decision rules for including subjects in clinical trials of a new psychiatric disorder and present four applications to data available at the University of California, Irvine Machine Learning Repository.

关键词： Mapping  

摘要： The service identifier and connection identifier mapping theory was analyzed in a new two-layer universal network. Optimization models are proposed for the four types of mapping from service identifier to connection identifier in the pervasive service layer based on the utility maximization for services. For the nonlinear optimization problem, elastic services with concave utility function are firstly considered and the optimal flow rate for these services can be obtained. For the inelastic services with sigmoidal utility function, the optimal flow rate allocation can also be obtained if the capacities of some connections are provided with certain values. Furthermore, the model for inelastic services with QoS guarantee and the model for services with priority are also presented. Some numerical examples are given to verify the results obtained. Copyright © 2013 Binary Information Press.

关键词： ONTOLOGY   BIOINFORMATICS   WORKFLOW   DOCUMENTATION   DATABASES   WEB services  

摘要： Motivation: Advancing the search, publication and integration of bioinformatics tools and resources demands consistent machine-understandable descriptions. A comprehensive ontology allowing such descriptions is therefore required. Results: EDAM is an ontology of bioinformatics operations (tool or workflow functions), types of data and identifiers, application domains and data formats. EDAM supports semantic annotation of diverse entities such as Web services, databases, programmatic libraries, standalone tools, interactive applications, data schemas, datasets and publications within bioinformatics. EDAM applies to organizing and finding suitable tools and data and to automating their integration into complex applications or workflows. It includes over 2200 defined concepts and has successfully been used for annotations and implementations.

关键词： 数字信息   2009年   中华医学会   标注   杂志   出版物   国际标准   条形码  

摘要： 数字对象惟一标识符（digitalobjectidentifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中，书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号（ISBN、ISSN、ISCN）及其条形码，作为出版物的惟一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理，便于读者查找和利用。而网上的文档一旦变更了网址便无从追索。数字信息所标注的DOI如同出版物的条形码，是一个永久和惟一的标识号。随着时间推移，数字对象的某些有关信息可能会有变化（包括存储的物理位置），

关键词： 数字信息   中华医学会   标注   杂志   出版物   国际标准   条形码   互联网  

摘要： 数字对象惟一标识符（digitalobjectidentifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中，书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号（ISBN、ISSN、ISCN）及其条形码，作为出版物的惟一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理，便于读者查找和利用。而网上的文档一旦变更了网址便无从追索。数字信息标注DOI如同出版物的条形码，是一个永久和惟一的标识号。随着时间推移，数字对象的某些有关信息可能会有变化（包括存储的物理位置），

关键词： 克隆代码   哈希值   标识符冲突率   误检   重构  

摘要： 针对采用基于token的克隆代码检测方法检测语法相似的克隆代码时存在的部分误检问题,提出一种使用哈希值和标识符冲突率来消除克隆代码检测的部分误检的方法。该方法首先通过语句的哈希值判断语句结构的相似性,然后计算标识符冲突率,通过冲突率的变化,来确定误检消除的方向和消除情况。对于存在误检的克隆代码,最终通过修改克隆代码的相对行号来消除误检。实验结果表明,提出的方法可以消除由于插入结构相同的语句而引起的克隆代码的误检问题,并在此基础上,有效消除了语句形式一样但由于语句顺序颠倒而引起的克隆代码误检问题,提高了克隆代码检测及克隆代码相关缺陷检测的准确性,有利于后续克隆代码重构的研究。

关键词： 数字信息   中华医学会   标注   杂志   object   互联网  

摘要： 数字对象惟一标识符（digital object identifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。

关键词： 数字信息   中华医学会   标注   杂志   出版物   国际标准   条形码   互联网  

摘要： 数字对象唯一标识符（digitalobjectidentifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中，书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号（ISBN、ISSN、ISCN）及其条形码，作为出版物的唯一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理，便于读者查找和利用。而网上的文档一旦变更了网址便无从追索。数字信息标注DOI如同出版物的条形码，是一个永久和唯一的标识号。

关键词： identifier   locator separation   location management   mapping forwarding   blocking probability  

摘要： The identifier/locator separation has been widely recognized as a feasible solution for addressing the current Internet's routing scaling problem. Moreover, such a separation solution in terms of mobility can keep connection survivability and support global seamless roaming. A critical challenge in supporting efficient mobility is how to update the identifier-to-locator mappings of mobile nodes (MNs). In this paper, we propose a mapping forwarding (MF) scheme for location management in the identifier/locator separation architecture. In the MF scheme, a tunnel router (xTR) is selected as an agent of an MN and keeps the MN's identifier-to-locator mapping invariable by setting up an MF chain. As long as the MN is managed by the same xTR, the MN's mapping stored in the xTR of each correspondent node of the MN does not need to be updated, thus reducing the location update signaling cost. Meanwhile, the unchanged mapping assures the correct forwarding of packets, which reduces mobility-related disruption and enhances the location management's reliability. In addition, for the handoff in two MF chains, we propose a data-triggered update scheme that can achieve route optimization. To evaluate the proposed MF scheme, we establish two analytical models and formulate the blocking probability and the total protocol cost. The performance results show how the blocking probability changes under various parameters and how the MF scheme can effectively reduce the blocking probability compared with the location management scheme without the MF strategy. Meanwhile, our analysis demonstrates that the MF scheme has a lower overhead when the mobility rate is high. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.