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关键词： hCG increase   gonadotropins   gonadotropin dosage   numbers of blastomeres   pregnancy  

摘要： Objective: To determine whether elements of treatment associated with faster doubling times of total beta-hCG in serum (beta-t2) in pregnant patients are also associated with a higher likelihood of pregnancy in all patients. Design: Retrospective analysis of beta-t2 values, elements of ovarian stimulation (COH), and outcomes. Setting: Private assisted reproductive technology (ART) center. Patient(s): Initial analysis of data from 432 cycles in which conception occurred after COH and embryo transfer, followed by analysis of pregnancy outcomes after 1,287 cycles of COH/embryo transfer. Intervention(s): No interventions. Main Outcome Measures: The beta-t2 values initially computed from consecutive serum beta-hCG levels in ongoing pregnancies were correlated with multiple properties of the patients and their treatment cycles. Result(s): The beta-t2 values during early pregnancy increased exponentially from about 1.6 days at 12 days to about 3.0 days at 24 days after embryo transfer. In those pregnancies which spontaneously aborted, early average beta-t2 values were higher than those for ongoing pregnancies;absolute beta-hCG levels did not differ. Positive correlations were established between beta-t2 values, the number of days of stimulation, and the number of ampules of drug administered per oocyte retrieved. The beta-t2 values were inversely related to average numbers of blastomeres in transferred embryos. Ongoing pregnancy rates (PR) were higher for cycles with lower gonadotropin dosages per oocyte retrieved, and when the average number of blastomeres in transferred embryos was higher. Conclusion(s): Steeper beta-hCG doubling times in early pregnancy were associated with lower gonadotropin dosages during ovarian stimulation and with higher numbers of blastomeres in transferred embryos. The latter variables were, in turn, associated with a higher likelihood of pregnancy after embryo transfer.

关键词： reliability   stochastic processes   software reliability assessment tool   distributed development environment   Java  

摘要： In this paper, we propose a software reliability assessment tool based on software reliability growth models for distributed development environment by using Java programming language and J/Link technology in Mathematica. Java is an object-oriented and platform-free programming language which has several advantages such as modularization and reusability of the existing code. Especially J/Link can use and control the Mathematica kernel from a Java program. By using this J/Link technology, we can reduce some efforts to develop the tool because of reusing the existing Mathematica code used for the research. Our tool proposed here is useful for software developers in terms of the management of the system-testing process in distributed development environment. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 数字对象标识符   生物科学期刊   生物科学研究   CrossRef   参考文献   链接   DOI   数据库  

摘要： 生物科学研究期刊最近完成了数字对象标识符（DOI）的回溯任务，并用CrossRef系统存储了生物科学期刊的DOI。这个项目包括对数据库中被参考的其它文献的相关性链接（Forward Linking）。相关性链接类似于参考文献的链接，然而，它不仅仅指向被参考的文章或前文引用的作品，它提供了对正在阅读的文章的外部链接。用户及出版者不付出任何费用便可获得这个增强的功能。

摘要： We've heard a lot of talk lately about the NPI. What is it? The national provider identifier (NPI) will identify health care providers on a national level. This means that the NPI will be recognized by all entities in the health care industry. The NPI will replace health care provider identifiers currently used. For example, the NPI will replace Medicare legacy numbers like UPINs (unique physician [provided] identification numbers) and PINs (personal identification numbers). See online-only NPI Fact Sheet. How did the NPI come into existence? The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) mandated that a unique health identifier be created for each health care provider. The Department of Health and Human Services released a final rule adopting the NPI as that unique number and began the implementation of the NPI. Why is the NPI important? The NPI is important because it is a mandated HIPAA standard, and because it should simplify billing. The NPI is a single provider identification number that will be accepted and recognized by all health plans; therefore, eliminating the need to report, maintain, and track multiple provider identification numbers. When must the physicians have their NPIs? All HIPAA-covered entities must use NPIs in standard transactions by May 23, 2007. After this date, Medicare, Medicaid, and other private health plans must accept NPIs. Some health plans may allow the use of NPIs before the May 2007 date; however, communication should occur with those plans to verify reporting details. An exception to the aforementioned date has been made for small health plans. They must use NPIs by May 23, 2008. How does the physician apply for the NPI? Providers can apply for an NPI by completing a paper application, through a Web-based application, or through an organization (an employer or professional organization). Providers need to apply using one of the options above and need to apply only once. Providers should apply for their NP

关键词： identifiers   identification   identity management systems   authentication   privacy   data protection   economies of scope   network externalities   switching costs   conjoint analysis  

摘要： This paper examines online identifiers from an economic perspective. It uses conjoint analysis survey techniques to develop empirical data on how users value the attributes of online identifiers. It is concerned in particular with three issues: (1) the degree to which identified subjects value increasing the scope of an identifier, i.e., the ability to use a single identifier to access services offered by several organizations-, (2) the degree to which users' choice may be constrained by switching costs;and (3) the value individuals place on privacy and data security relative to other attributes such as cost or scope. The survey population was located in South Korea. The results indicate that e-mail addresses dominate the world of online identifiers for ordinary consumers;that consumers highly value increased scope (e.g., single sign-on capabilities) and the security of their private data;and that switching costs are high. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： benzo[a]pyrene   fluoranthene   copper   C. elegans   qPCR  

摘要： DNA adducts are frequently caused by chemical induced changes in DNA. If mis-repaired, they can lead to nucleotide substitutions, deletions or chromosomal rearrangements. Depending on adduct stereochemistry and properties of the DNA target, adducts can inhibit transcriptional mechanisms. Here we demonstrate how this phenomenon can be exploited to detect DNA adducts in individual nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans). An extra-long (XL)-PCR (16,144 bp) target amplicon, the 11 exon spanning ced-1, could be amplified reliably from genomic lysate extracted from single nematodes. Amplification efficiency was assessed by means of a second, fully quantitative PCR. Following the normalization with an invariant control gene, adduct formation could be evaluated by the identification of XL-PCR amplifications that were, relative to the control gene, reduced or inhibited by > 95%. No DNA adducts could be detected in C. elegans maintained under optimal growth conditions (no exposure controls) or nematodes exposed to 20 mu g/g copper sulfate (exposure negative control). However, exposure to 5 mu g/g benzo[a]pyrene induced a stark response, with 40% of nematodes displaying measurable DNA adducts. Similarly, adducts were identified in 10% of nematodes subjected to 3 mu g/g fluoranthene or a mixture containing 0.5 mu g/g benzo[a]pyrene and 1 mu g/g fluoranthene. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mean Average Precision   Name Entity Recognition   Gene Identifier   Name Entity Recognition System   Synonym List  

摘要： Background: One step in the model organism database curation process is to find, for each article, the identifier of every gene discussed in the article. We consider a relaxation of this problem suitable for semi-automated systems, in which each article is associated with a ranked list of possible gene identifiers, and experimentally compare methods for solving this geneld ranking problem. In addition to baseline approaches based on combining named entity recognition (NER) systems with a "soft dictionary" of gene synonyms, we evaluate a graph-based method which combines the outputs of multiple NER systems, as well as other sources of information, and a learning method for reranking the output of the graph-based method. Results: We show that named entity recognition (NER) systems with similar F-measure performance can have significantly different performance when used with a soft dictionary for geneld-ranking. The graph-based approach can outperform any of its component NER systems, even without learning, and learning can further improve the performance of the graph-based ranking approach. Conclusion: The utility of a named entity recognition ( NER) system for geneld-finding may not be accurately predicted by its entity-level FI performance, the most common performance measure. Geneld-ranking systems are best implemented by combining several NER systems. With appropriate combination methods, usefully accurate geneld-ranking systems can be constructed based on easily-available resources, without resorting to problem-specific, engineered components.

关键词： Java语言   开发工具集   安装  

摘要： 当1995年SUN推出Java语言之后，全世界的目光都被这个神奇的语言所吸引。自从Java技术发布以来，其成功的历程早已勿庸置疑，这种成功随着网络这一原动力的加强而直接导致了Java相关技术的成熟和遥步发展壮大。目前，Java技术的应用几乎遍及Internet所厦之处，应用领域已经涉厦电子政务、电子商务、远程医疗、远程教学、科学研究等方方面面。在未来，Java技术将深入人们的日常生活，实现“Java无处不在”的预言。对初学者者而言，如何正确安装Java开发工具集JDK就成了解决入门问题的第一关。

关键词： 电信业务   互联网业务   高级网络协议   TISPAN   NGN   标识符   IDs  

标准号: ETSI TS 184 002-2006

关键词： NARMAX modelling   mobile robotics   robot localisation   task identification  

摘要： The operation of an autonomous mobile robot in a semi-structured environment is a complex, usually non-linear and partly unpredictable process. Lacking a theory of robot-environment interaction that allows the design of robot control code based on theoretical analysis, roboticists still have to resort to trial-and-error methods in mobile robotics. The RobotMODIC project aims to develop a theoretical understanding of a robot's interaction with its environment, and uses system identification techniques to identify the system robot-task-environment. In this paper, we present two practical examples of the RobotMODIC process: mobile robot self-localisation and mobile robot training to achieve door traversal. In both examples, a transparent mathematical function is obtained that maps inputs - sensory perception in both cases - to output - location and steering velocity respectively. Analysis of the obtained models reveals further information about the way in which a task is achieved, the relevance of individual sensors, possible ways of obtaining more parsimonious models, etc. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.