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关键词： ORCID   身份识别   标识符   学术期刊   作者   科研人员  

摘要： 【目的】寻找我国学术期刊关于ORCID注册和应用中存在的问题并提出有效解决方案,充分发挥ORCID对学术期刊的作用,以及普及ORCID在科研中的应用。【方法】调查分析我国学术期刊的ORCID注册、标注、解析及采编系统集成情况,总结其应用过程中存在的问题,并提出我国学术期刊应用ORCID的发展方向。【结果】学术期刊作者登记ORCID的意识较薄弱,分享成果意愿不强烈;作者注册信息不够规范,缺乏专门机构和人员的审查和验证;作者ORCID信息更新不及时,录入不完整;缺乏对所有作者ORCID主页的高效解析追踪;ORCID应用的宣传和推广力度远远不够。【结论】学术期刊应加大资金投入,积极建立学术科研标准,在采编系统中积极嵌入ORCID服务平台;利用ORCID的优势,努力做好作者和审稿专家ORCID注册和录入信息规范化及解析准确化等方面的工作;与其他研究机构展开广泛合作,加大ORCID的宣传和推广力度,促进学术出版生态的健康有序发展,推进学术期刊网络化、数字化和国际化。

关键词： 数字对象唯一标识符   数字资源  

摘要： 数字对象唯一标识符(digital object identifier,DOI)是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中,书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号(ISBN、ISSN、ISCN)及其条形码,作为出版物的唯一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理,便于读者查找和利用。而网上的文档一旦变更了网址便无从追索。数字信息标注DOI如同出版物的条形码,是一个永久和唯一的标识号。随着时间推移,数字对象的某些有关信息可能会有变化(包括存储的物理位置),而DOI可让使用者直接由此链接到出版商的数据库、文献、摘要甚至是全文,识别码可以直接指引到出版物的本身.

关键词： DOI   标识符   信息技术   数字对象唯一标识   身份标识   规范化管理   互联网   有效工具  

摘要： DOI,即数字对象唯一标识,为英文Digital Object Identification的缩写。根据国际标准ISO 26324里的解释,它的意思是“一个对象的数字标识符”。这个标识符具有唯一性、永久性的特点。DOI是规范化管理、组织、共享、利用数字资源的有效工具。随着信息技术和互联网的发展,DOI目前已在国际出版界得到广泛推广应用。期刊的DOI标识符,是每篇论文的“身份标识”,通过DOI标识符可以迅速检索到该文献。

关键词： 数字信息   条形码   数字对象唯一标识符   网址   互联网信息   唯一标识  

摘要： 数字对象唯一标识符(digital object identifier,DOI)是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中,书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号(ISBN、ISSN、ISCN)及其条形码,作为出版物的唯一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理,便于读者查找和利用.而网上的文档一旦变更了网址便无从追索。

关键词： Feature selection   Interpretability   Explainable machine learning   Resampling   Classification  

摘要： There is nowadays an increasing interest in discovering relationships among input variables (also called features) from data to provide better interpretability, which yield more confidence in the solution and provide novel insights about the nature of the problem at hand. We propose a novel feature selection method, called Informative Variable Identifier (IVI), capable of identifying the informative variables and their relationships. It transforms the input-variable space distribution into a coefficient-feature space using existing linear classifiers or a more efficient weight generator that we also propose, Covariance Multiplication Estimator (CME). Informative features and their relationships are determined analyzing the joint distribution of these coefficients with resampling techniques. IVI and CME select the informative variables and then pass them on to any linear or nonlinear classifier. Experiments show that the proposed approach can outperform state-of-art algorithms in terms of feature identification capabilities, and even in classification performance when subsequent classifiers are used. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Health Information Management   Electronic Health Records   Medical Information   Clinical Data   Data De-Identification  

摘要： Background: The accumulation and usefulness of clinical data have increased with IT development. While using clinical data that needs to be identifiable to obtain meaningful information, it is essential to ensure that data is de-identified. Methods: To formulate such a method, first, primary quasi-identifiers were selected by classifying information in 20 clinical personal information database tables into Direct-Identifier (DID), Quasi-Identifier (QI), Sensitive Attribute (SA), and Non-Sensitive Attribute (NSA) according to its type. Secondary QIs were then selected by assessing the risk for outliers by measuring uniqueness values of the selected data and scoring re-identification by calculating equivalence class of the influence on other data on QI removal. Third, the risk of re-identification of data users was numeralized and classified. Lastly, the final QI according to user class was determined by comparing the calculated re-identification scores to the threshold values of user classes. Results: Eventually, final QIs ranging 17 to 28 were selected by making an assumption. Conclusions: Therefore, clinical data users can securely and efficiently use clinical data containing personal information by objectively selecting QIs using the method proposed in the present study.

关键词： CRITICISM   CLINICAL pathology   FEDERAL government   PATHOLOGICAL laboratories   GOVERNMENT regulation   LABORATORY personnel   LOGICAL Observation Identifiers   Names & Codes (Database)  

摘要： Context.-The Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) system is supposed to facilitate interoperability, and it is the federally required code for exchanging laboratory data. Objective.-To provide an overview of LOINC, emerging issues related to its use, and areas relevant to the pathology laboratory, including the subtleties of test code selection and importance of mapping the correct codes to local test menus. Data Sources.-This review is based on peer-reviewed literature, federal regulations, working group reports, the LOINC database (version 2.65), experience using LOINC in the laboratory at several large health care systems, and insight from laboratory information system vendors. Conclusions.-The current LOINC database contains more than 55 000 numeric codes specific for laboratory tests. Each record in the LOINC database includes 6 major axes/parts for the unique specification of each individual observation or measurement. Assigning LOINC codes to a laboratory's test menu should be a defined process. In some cases, LOINC can aid in distinguishing laboratory data among different information systems, whereby such benefits are not achievable by relying on the laboratory test name alone. Criticisms of LOINC include the complexity and resource-intensive process of selecting the most correct code for each laboratory test, the real world experience that these codes are not uniformly assigned across laboratories, and that 2 tests that may have the same appropriately assigned LOINC code may not necessarily have equivalency to permit interoperability of their result data. The coding system's limitations, which subsequently reduce the potential utility of LOINC, are poorly understood outside of the laboratory.

关键词： Optical encoding   Graphical encoding   Peptoid   High-throughput screening   SERS  

摘要： 'Split-and-mix' synthetic methods are widely utilized to prepare extensively large numbers of combinatorial libraries. For this, a simple and reliable encoding/decoding method is required to identify a lead compound, especially when it comes to combinatorial peptide/peptoid libraries. Here, we report a simple, efficient, and reliable on-bead peptoid ligand identification method using dual-modal identifiers (DM-IDs), which have a graphical pattern and a Raman signal. The DM-ID was designed to encode the sequence and the type of peptoid side chain by the number of holes and the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals, respectively. Using this dual encoding strategy, 5832 (18(3))-individual peptides/peptoids can be encoded with 3 holes and 18 Raman label compounds. In addition, the method can be easily extended to encode more than one hundred billion ligands by expanding to 9 patterns with 3 holes in binary code. After pentapeptoids were encoded with DM-IDs during solid phase synthesis, the peptoid's affinity towards streptavidin is successfully evaluated, and the on-bead peptoid sequence is determined by the graphical patterns and the SERS signatures of the DM-IDs. We believe that this encoding method using DM-IDs is a promising tool to construct one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial libraries for drug discovery.

关键词： Blind Packet Forwarding   Network address confidentiality   Future network architecture   Public key encryption with keyword search   Locator/Identifier Split   OpenFlow  

摘要： Network Address Confidentiality (NAC) classifies all network nodes as adversaries and limits access to the network packet addresses in cleartext exclusively to the communicating endpoints. In our model, an adversary can control a single network node as well as a part or all of the network nodes on the route of a packet. Moreover, an adversary can observe and exploit network packet addresses. NAC implies certain anonymity properties, namely sender/recipient and relationship unlinkabilities. In contrast to the existing approaches related to NAC and its unlinkability properties with regard to our strong adversary model, Blind Packet Forwarding (BPF) tackles this issue in a clean-slate manner by redesigning the packet forwarding and its associated services to blind ones transferring and processing packet addresses in end-to-end encrypted form. This paper proposes a BPF architecture combining two approaches being based on the Locator/Identifier Split principle for a future network architecture. This BPF design introduces a fine-grained, flexible and dynamic blindness providing multiple NAC and unlinkability levels classified into two blindness taxonomies. In the first taxonomy, the higher the masking rank being applied to an address, the bigger is the radius of network domains within which NAC applies to the address, beginning with the top-level network domain. By applying higher masking ranks in the second blindness taxonomy, an endpoint can mask its address within higher network domains in direction of the top-level network domain. This paper also adapts OpenFlow in order to achieve a BPF implementation which provides high performance and can thus support multiple real-time media communications each with a high sending rate.