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关键词： Quantum identification   Time-convolution-less master equation   Non-Markovian quantum system   Least square method  

摘要： In this paper, we present a least squares approach to identifying an unknown damping rate function in a time-convolution-less master equation describing the non-Markovian dynamics of a probing single qubit. For the purpose of identification, we measure two kinds of time trace observables and with which the identification problem can be solved via our least squares approach. In the case of measuring the time trace observable , a data-driven method is also developed to estimate the unmeasured such that the identification problem fits into the least squares framework. A physical example is given to show the effectiveness of our method.

关键词： DRM   DRM技术   ISBN   融合  

摘要： 1970年国际标准化组织ISO正式确定国际标准书号(ISBN)成为一项国际标准,即ISO 2108。1972年发布其第1版标准ISO 2108:1972《信息与文献国际标准书号(ISBN)》。2017年12月国际标准化组织ISO发布了第5版标准ISO 2108:2017《信息与文献国际标准书号(ISBN)》。随着科技的发展,信息化时代的来临,信息的传播方式也发生了变化,出版形态从早期的纸质出版物逐渐演变为以数字出版物为主、多种产品形式并存的发展趋势。为解决数字出版物在传输/使用过程中的版权保护问题,在21世纪初,在没有标准推动的情况下,出版市场曾使用过数字版权管理(DRM)技术,但在技术应用之初,因未能较好的平衡内容提供者、权利提供者、内容使用者三方的权益,从而为这项技术的实施带来了不少的争议。此次,2017年12月发布的《信息与文献国际标准书号(ISBN)》重新提及了数字版权管理(DRM)技术,并在国际标准中将DRM技术作为数字出版物/电子书的主要技术实施方案,旨在通过数字版权管理(DRM)技术、"社会型"数字版权管理(Social DRM)技术的实施,得以实现最初创立DRM技术的初衷,以期为未来数字出版产品的发展提供强有力的技术保障。

关键词： 数字对象唯一标识符  

摘要： 数字对象唯一标识符(digital object identifier,DOI)是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中,书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号(ISBN、ISSN、ISCN)及其条形码,作为出版物的唯一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理,便于读者查找和利用。而网上的文档一旦变更了网址便无从追索。数字信息标注DOI如同出版物的条形码,是一个永久和唯一的标识号。

关键词： 中华医学会   数   标注   杂志   出版物   国际标准   互联网   条形码  

摘要： 数字对象唯一标识符(digital object identifier, DOI)是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中,书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号(ISBN、ISSN、ISCN)及其条形码,作为出版物的唯一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理,便于读者查找和利用。而网上的文档一旦变更了网址便无从追索。

关键词： Finite fields   Binary linear codes   MDS-code   Maximum distance separable   Information theory   Elliptic curve cryptosystem   Identifiers   Error correction   Error detection  

摘要： Nowadays it is vital to have a robust mechanism that can identify people, objects, animals, and living beings, for example, for agricultural, health and national security purposes. Some drawbacks occur when very many objects need to be identified, and the tool is unable to support all of them. Even if the mechanism could tag them all, it is also important that the labels or codewords not resemble each other, to be able to detect and correct errors. To solve this problem, this article proposes an MDS (Maximum Distance Separable) code C with length 11 and dimension 7 over the finite field F-210. Furthermore, we construct a subcode of C with capacity for 32(7) different identifiers. Concretely we consider the set of all codewords with entries belonging to the subfield of F-210 isomorphic to F-25. A decoding algorithm and an encryption method using elliptic curves cryptography for the codewords are also proposed.

关键词： Forensic dentistry   Human identification   Cone beam computed tomography   Panoramic radiograph  

摘要： According to INTERPOL, the comparison of antemortem and postmortem dental identifiers is a scientifically reliable approach for human identification. This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of corresponding INTERPOL coded dental identifiers in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and panoramic radiographs (PR). The sample consisted of 100 CBCT scans and 100 PR taken the same day from the same patients (35 males and 65 females). Randomly and independently, forty-one INTERPOL coded dental identifiers were searched in each image. Wilcoxon test compared the prevalence of codes in CBCT scans and PR, Chi-square tested the dependence between codes and teeth;and multiple correspondence analyses (MCA) explored the association between codes and teeth in color maps for CBCT scans and PR. No statistically significant differences between the prevalence of identifiers in CBCT scans and PR were detected (p = 0.693). In CBCT scans and PR, dependence between teeth and codes was detected (p <0.05). In the study sample, the strongest associations were found between the codes unerupted (UNE), partially erupted (ERU) and impacted (IMV) and third molars, both in CBCT scans and PR. INTERPOL coded dental identifiers registered on CBCT scans and PR can be exchanged during human identification. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Psychological needs   Family firm identification   Organizational identity   Future research  

摘要： We develop a framework suggesting how psychological needs may motivate individual identifications with, and identifiers of, family businesses. Grounded in extant research, our framework describes how six types of psychological needs (i.e., needs for self-esteem, continuity, distinctiveness, meaning, efficacy/control, and belonging) can both: (1) motivate individuals to identify with family firms that are defined by specific characteristics, and (2) motivate family firm identifiers to promote specific characteristics as defining their firms. Interestingly, our framework indicates that the characteristic that most commonly motivates family firm identifications and identifiers (by satisfying a number of psychological needs) is not "positive image" (as predicted by theories of social identification), but "shared values". Further, our framework suggests that some family firm characteristics (e.g., "family firm image") may both motivate and demotivate identifications and identifiers by simultaneously satisfying some psychological needs (e.g., needs for distinctiveness), while preventing the satisfaction of other needs (e.g., needs for efficacy). Based on our framework, we outline an agenda for future research that may extend our understanding of the role of psychological needs in family firm identification.

关键词： Gaseous detectors   Muon spectrometers   Resistive-plate chambers  

摘要： The gas mixture for the Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), used for the Muon Spectrometer of the ALICE experiment at CERN LHC, is made up of C2H2F4, SF6 and iC(4)H(10). Since the first two gases have high Global Warming Potentials (GWPs), they will be phased out of production in the next years due to the recent European Union regulations;meanwhile their cost is progressively increasing. Therefore, finding a new eco-friendly gas mixture has become extremely important. In order to identify a gas mixture suited to cope with the requirements of the ALICE Muon Identifier in the forthcoming High-Luminosity runs, R&D studies have been performed on promising gas mixtures with small-size RPCs. Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) may substitute C2H2F4 thanks to their very low GWPs, especially HFO1234ze. Several tests on HFO-based mixtures are ongoing and encouraging results have already been obtained. Furthermore, the use of CO2 as a quencher has been studied, along with medium-term stability of detectors exposed to the cosmic-ray flux.

标准号: GB/T 15120.9-2019

摘要： 本部分规定了供患有视觉障碍的卡持有人识别卡片所用的触觉标识符标记（TIM）的物理特性，定义了触觉标识符标记在卡片上的分布区域、位置、尺寸和标记设计。 本部分适用于带有触觉标识符标记的识别卡的制造和测试。