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关键词： IMMUNITY   RESEARCH   LYMPHOCYTES   MICRODISSECTION   DATA analysis   IMMUNE response  

摘要： Emerging high-throughput sequencing methods for the analyses of complex structure of TCR and BCR repertoires give a powerful impulse to adaptive immunity studies. However, there are still essential technical obstacles for performing a truly quantitative analysis. Specifically, it remains challenging to obtain comprehensive information on the clonal composition of small lymphocyte populations, such as Ag-specific, functional, or tissue-resident cell subsets isolated by sorting, microdissection, or fine needle aspirates. In this study, we report a robust approach based on unique molecular identifiers that allows profiling Ag receptors for several hundred to thousand lymphocytes while preserving qualitative and quantitative information on clonal composition of the sample. We also describe several general features regarding the data analysis with unique molecular identifiers that are critical for accurate counting of starting molecules in high-throughput sequencing applications.

关键词： 数字信息   中华医学会   标注   杂志   object   出版物   国际标准   互联网  

摘要： 数字对象唯一标识符（digital object identifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中，书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号（ISBN、ISSN、ISCN）及其条形码，作为出版物的唯一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理，便于读者查找和利用。

摘要： The Athens Court of Appeal ruled that the average Greek consumer of garments perceives a word sign prominently displayed on a garment front as an origin indicator and, accordingly, rejected the relevant ‘decorative use’ defence as unsubstantiated.

关键词： 数字信息   标注   object   出版物   国际标准   条形码   互联网  

摘要： 数字对象唯一标识符（digital object identifier,DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中,书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号（ISBN、ISSN、ISCN）及其条形码,作为出版物的唯一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理,便于读者查找和利用。而网上的文档一旦变更了网址便无从追索。数字信息标注DOI如同出版物的条形码,是一个永久和唯一的标识号。

关键词： 卫生信息   开放系统互连   对象标识符   注册分配  

摘要： 当前,我国卫生信息化建设已进入关键阶段,各地通过推进医院信息平台和区域卫生信息平台建设,逐步实现医疗卫生机构互联互通、信息共享。本文阐述了对象标识符产生的背景及现阶段在我国的管理应用情况。分析了国内外卫生信息领域HL7对象标识符建设存在的缺乏统一规划、无标准化的元数据内容和结构等主要问题,从卫生信息共享文档开发和模板管理两个层面对我国卫生信息互联互通中对象标识符的需求展开分析,提出从注册机构确认、根节点申请注册、下级节点分配、管理规程制定及注册系统搭建等五个步骤推进我国卫生信息开放系统互连对象标识符落地的实施路径。

关键词： Biological Science Disciplines   Databases, Factual*   Internet   Semantics   Systems Integration  

摘要： Motivation: On the semantic web, in life sciences in particular, data is often distributed via multiple resources. Each of these sources is likely to use their own International Resource Identifier for conceptually the same resource or database record. The lack of correspondence between identifiers introduces a barrier when executing federated SPARQL queries across life science data. Results: We introduce a novel SPARQL-based service to enable on-the-fly integration of life science data. This service uses the identifier patterns defined in the *** Registry to generate a plurality of identifier variants, which can then be used to match source identifiers with target identifiers. We demonstrate the utility of this identifier integration approach by answering queries across major producers of life science Linked Data.

关键词： 数字信息   中华医学会   标注   杂志   object   出版物   国际标准   互联网  

摘要： 数字对象惟一标识符（digital object identifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中，书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号（ISBN、ISSN、ISCN）及其条形码，作为出版物的惟一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理，便于读者查找和利用。

关键词： Information systems  

摘要： In recent years, with the development of digital environment, one of the concepts that has been particularly important is digital identification of objects in this environment by digital identifier systems. The main objective of this study is to answer this important and basic question: How and on what framework can distinguish a digital object identifier system from other identifier systems? To achieve this goal, a comparative framework which consisted of 7 main characteristics of digital identifiers in three major domains (namely identifier features, digital coverage and comprehensiveness of scope) was proposed. Two major characteristics of the proposed framework are its inclusiveness and considering the differences between the uniqueness and persistency notions in general and in the digital environment. Then, an illustrative comparison of 23 well-known worldwide identifiers was carried out. Results of this study revealed that six identifier systems of DOI, Handle, UCI, ARK, URN and PURL can be regarded as the best choices of digital identifiers in public areas identified in the digital space and four identifier systems of ORCID, MIRIAM, ISNI and NBN are the best options to be used in certain specialized areas. These results can help information technology specialists to identify and effectively use of digital identifier systems in actual and potential practical areas. Digital identifier systems, Object, Digital Environment, Illustrative comparison.

关键词： 数字信息   2009年   中华医学会   标注   杂志   object   出版物   国际标准  

摘要： 数字对象唯一标识符（digital object identifier，DOI）是对包括互联网信息在内的数字信息进行标识的一种工具。在传统的出版物中，书刊、磁带、光盘都有国际标准编号（ISBN、ISSN、ISCN）及其条形码，作为出版物的唯一标识。这些标识使出版物得到有效的管理，便于读者查找和利用。而网上的文档一旦变更了网址便无从追索。数字信息所标注的DOI如同出版物的条形码，是一个永久和唯一的标识号。随着时间推移，数字对象的某些有关信息可能会有变化（包括存储的物理位置），