课程文献中心 更多>>

关键词： 国际贸易   市场准入   WTO   国际服务贸易市场  

摘要： 世界贸易组织(简称WTO)成立以来 ,商品市场准入条件、发展中国家贸易地位、国际服务贸易市场的开放和多边贸易体系的管辖范围等方面发生明显变化。在肯定WTO推动贸易自由化进程积极作用的同时 。

关键词： economic development   environmental quality   environmental regulations   harmonization and competitiveness   trade  

摘要： International trade has been incorporating various aspects of environmental issues since 1970. The extent to which environmental problems might affect many facets of trade, or vice versa, has been the subject of considerable debate over these years. In this article we have attempted to establish some of the links between international trade and environmental quality by performing a comprehensive literature review. We discuss issues such as establishing direct and indirect effects of international trade on environmental quality, effects of trade on economic development, environmental quality, and energy and their relation with each other, and, finally, the role of governments and international organizations in this context. Studies have so far revealed some linkages between trade and environment through conventional trade theory. However, interactions between international trade and types of pollution, their sink and assimilative capacity need to be analyzed using a general equilibrium approach. Currently, very little knowledge and agreement on the nature of interactions between trade theories, development process and environmental quality exist. Existing studies have shown that the structure of environmental regulations should be modified to reflect the existence of trade under imperfect competition. Therefore, further research on the interaction between new trade theory and environmental regulation is needed. Also, theoretical and quantitative analysis regarding the effects of environmental regulations on competitiveness and location decision is needed. The intensity and type of environmental measures vary across issues and countries. Therefore, harmonizing environmental measures creates an inefficient atmosphere, and to assume that trade restrictions will either improve or reverse the environmental damages is a serious mistake. Given the dynamic and intricate nature of the problem, trade and environment debate continues despite vast research and poses a challenge

关键词： 中国   对外贸易   国际贸易环境   产品竞争力   对策  

摘要： 我国的外贸经过一段时期的逐步回落和徘徊后，终于摆脱了近两年来亚洲金融危机的冲击，进入了一个逐步回升的阶段。１９９９年下半年外贸增长的良好恢复态势超出了人们最初的预期。自１９９７年下半年开始下滑的出口增长态势一直持续到１９９９年６月份，从７月份开始，我...

关键词： 国际贸易   环境变化   韩国   对策  

摘要： 60～ 90年代是韩国经济高速增长的 30年。在此期间 ,韩国在出口导向型战略的指引下 ,从一个传统的落后的封闭的农业国发展成为一个新兴的工业化国家。韩国经济的高速增长是由扩大出口引起的 ,并因出口工业的高速增长而得以维持。但是 ,90年代以来 ,国际贸易环境发生了很大变化 ,这给韩国的对外贸易发展带来了新的机遇和挑战。为此 ,韩国通过采取市场多元化策略、促进国内产业向高级化方向发展、加强大企业和中小企业的通力合作等措施 ,充分运用各方面力量提高产品竞争能力 。

关键词： 生态学   环境保护   国际贸易  

摘要： 在全球环境持续恶化和生态科学研究的促进下，当代人类的伦理价值观正在从“人类利益中心主义”朝着“生态利益中心主义”方向转变，世界贸易随之步入环保时代，环境保护也走进了全球贸易的范畴。而且，随着经济全球化和贸易自由化进程的加快，以及环境问题的全球化、国际化、经济化和政治化，加之各国的经济、技术和环境因素的差异，环境对国际贸易的影响日益加深，两者的关系也呈现出错综复杂的态势，对整个国际经济的发展正产生着前所未有的影响力。因而，将环境要项纳入贸易发展决策已显得极为紧迫与重要。本文试图从多种角度，用经济学以及相关学科如生态学、环境法学、环境政治学、系统学、博弈论等多种理论和方法来考察环境与国际贸易的本质关系与发展变化，并在此基础上提出我国环境与贸易的政策选择与发展对策。(一)本文总体上分三章进行研究论述：第一章“环境与国际贸易”，对环境与国际贸易之间存在的复杂的相互作用的动态关系，尤其是环境对国际贸易的影响作了较为全面的阐述。

关键词： trade and environment   eco-dumping   international competitiveness  

摘要： This paper examines the effects of environmental regulations on the international competitiveness of domestic industries. A generalised GDP function, which incorporates both technology changes and increasing returns to scale is set up and a flexible translog function form is used to approximate this GDP function. A seemingly unrelated regression estimation technique is employed to estimate a system of sectoral share equations derived from the generalised GDP function. The basic hypothesis is that while the environmental factor is not a significant determinant of the international competitiveness of environmentally sensitive industries, technology is. The result supports this hypothesis and suggests that so-called eco-dumping is not an effective strategy in this context. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classifications: Q28;L50.

关键词： 国际贸易   要项   环境成本  

摘要： 环境要素的流动性决定了国际间环境与贸易的紧密联系。随着世界快速的经济一体化，将环境要顶纳入国际贸易的规范、条款已势在必行。文章分析了环境成本内在化和ISO14000的实质，它们的内在联系及在国际贸易中的作用和影响，提出了将ISO14000作为实施环境成本内在化的参照规则的合理、可行性。

关键词： International environmental policy   Developing countries   International trade negotiations   Domestic trade   Trade restrictions   International trade policy   Production standards  

关键词： 贾易   易中   区城经济   出口商   商人   不发达国家   机电产品   世纪初   全球化   匡城  

摘要： 随着新千年的到来,各国都将面临一个不断发展变化的国际经济环境。世界各国之间的经济联系,比以往任何时候都将更加广泛和紧密。在资源的开发、配置以及各类生产要素的流动和应用方面,国家间的经济协调水平将达到一个更高的层次。国际贸易在各国经济联系中的作用将进一步加强,各国在贸易中的竞争以及由此而产生的摩擦将加