School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006ChinaDepartment of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742USAInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101ChinaDepartment of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084ChinaIntegrated Research on Energy Environment and Society(IREES)Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen(ESRIG)University of GroningenGroningenAG 9747the Netherlands
摘要:
Owing to the harsh natural environment and unsustainable production system,environmental vulnerability differs substantially among and within regions^([1]).Over the past 20 years,the most environmentally vulnerable countries lost over half of their economic growth potential^([2]).International trade is a double-edged sword for environmental *** the one hand,production occurs beyond countries’borders while associated environmental impacts are displaced away from the location of consumption.