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关键词： 沿黄公路   地质灾害   破坏模式   风险评价   风险管控  

摘要： 沿黄公路位于黄土高原黄河中游区，区域滑坡崩塌等地质灾害多发，对沿黄公路的道路安全造成威胁。笔者通过1∶10000地质灾害野外调查，总结了沿黄公路陕西绥德–清涧段边坡地质灾害变形破坏演化模式，定量评估了边坡地质灾害财产风险和人员风险。结果表明：①沿黄公路陕西绥德–清涧段共发育地质灾害51处，以小型基岩崩塌为主;崩塌包括岩质和土质崩塌，其破坏模式分为倾倒式、滑移式和坠落式3种;滑坡均为黄土滑坡，为拉裂–剪切滑移式破坏模式。②51处地质灾害财产年损失为0.0005～3.375万元/a，单人年死亡概率为4.16×10−5～4.40×10−2，其中低风险源12个，中风险源9个，高风险源18个，极高风险源12个。③根据边坡破坏模式及风险评估结果，对研究区边坡地质灾害制定了搬迁避让、专业监测、工程防治、群策群防等相应的风险管控措施建议。该研究结果为沿黄公路沿线地质灾害防灾减灾提供了技术支撑。

关键词： 土壤   塔里木河下游   垦区   地球化学特征   生态风险  

摘要： 为查明塔里木河下游垦区土壤重（类）金属地球化学特征及潜在生态风险，采集表层土壤样品125件，测定其As、Hg、Ni、Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb 8种元素含量和pH值大小，基于地统计学、内梅罗综合污染指数法（Nemerow Comprehensive Pollution Index，Pn）和潜在生态风险指数法（Potential ecological Risk Index，RI）对土壤重（类）金属潜在生态风险进行评价，利用正定矩阵模型（Positive Matrix Factorization，PMF）对重（类）金属来源进行解析。结果表明：①研究区内所有重（类）金属元素的含量均值未超过国家农用地土壤污染风险管控筛查值，含量整体处于正常水平。②研究区RI指数的变化范围为50.75～179.07，生态风险轻微、中等、较强的样点分别占29.37%、63.63%和7%，说明研究区整体处于中等生态风险等级。③PMF模型结果表明，研究区土壤重（类）金属主要来自于自然因素（48.88%），其含量与地质背景密切相关;其次为农业生产（31.63%），大量化肥、农药的使用导致耕地区重（类）金属含量较高;煤炭燃烧（12.20%）和交通运输（7.29%）对重（类）金属元素累积也有一定的贡献。

关键词： Mine waste   Acid-base accounting   Percolation tests   Environmental geochemistry   Morocco  

摘要： The abandoned Sidi Bou Othmane mine, located 2.8 km northeast of Sidi Bou Othmane town and 35 km northwest of Marrakech city (a semi-arid climate region), produced lead and zinc ores from 1953 to 1980. It generated more than 140,000 t of solid waste that were stored next to the mine. Exposed to atmospheric conditions (air, water), the sulfides contained in the waste can oxidize and produce mine drainage capable of mobilizing and releasing high levels of potentially toxic elements. To better predict future mine drainage chemistry, various samples of residues (tailings) and sterile materials (waste rock) were collected from this site. Their total sulfur contents range from 0.665 to 2.85 wt%, some of which is already oxidized. Modified Sobek-type acid base accounting (ABA) tests showed that the Sidi Bou Othmane mining waste is rich in carbonates with an acid potential (AP) ranging from 5 to 92 kg CaCO3/t and a strong net neutralization potential (NNP) ranging from 44 to 305 kg CaCO3/t. Kinetic tests in mini leaching cells showed that the percolation waters had a circumneutral pH (between 6.3 and 7.9) throughout the duration of the 16 week test. Sulfate concentrations in the rinse water samples ranged from 37 to 1454 mg/L. The iron and zinc concentrations ranged from 1.2 to 3.7 mg/L and from 2 to 19 mg/L, respectively. Concentrations of lead, nickel, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium were minimal or below the detection limit. The Sidi Bou Othmane mining waste is classified as non-acid-generating.

关键词： 初试自命题   PDCA模型   风险化解对策  

摘要： 自命题考试是发挥招生单位招生自主权、体现办学特色和科学选才的重要机制。当前，自命题工作的安全形势仍不容乐观。究其根源，是由自命题工作的复杂性、管理制度不够完善以及参与人员的有限理性所致。PDCA模型是一套追求自我完善的循环改进机制，契合了招生单位对于化解自命题工作风险的期望。因此，构建基于PDCA模型的自命题工作风险化解对策，需要从以下方面着手：一是全面透视自命题工作风险，制定改进目标与计划；二是细化自命题工作培训，提高工作人员执行力；三是制定检查工作方案，确保计划的执行效果；四是审慎处置检查报告，优化自命题工作规程。

摘要： 1.来稿必须是原创,文字与逻辑在一定水准以上. 2.实实在在,不空泛. 3.有一定新颖性、超前性的,优先. 收录 中国知网数据库 万方数据知识服务平台

摘要： 目的 探讨包括菲尼克斯脓毒症评分（PSS）和菲尼克斯-8器官功能障碍评分（以下简称Phoenix-8）在内的菲尼克斯评分体系与常用儿童脓毒症评分在传统标准, 即2005年国际儿童脓毒症共识会议诊断标准下严重脓毒症患儿临床特征与预后分析中的差异。 Objective To explore the differences between the Phoenix sepsis scoring system including Phoenix sepsis score (PSS) and Phoenix-8 organ dysfunction score (hereinafter referred to as Phoenix-8) and the commonly used pediatric sepsis scores in evaluating clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of pediatric patients with severe sepsis diagnosed under traditional standards, namely the diagnostic criteria from the 2005 International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference.