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关键词： 固定床生物反应器   Vero细胞   猪伪狂犬病毒   低密度接种   疫苗  

摘要： 针对目前固定床生物反应器结构复杂、易产生泡沫等缺点,研发结构简单且可无泡通气的新型固定床生物反应器,并对该反应器的混合时间、k L a、细胞分布均匀性和细胞捕获能力进行测定。并进一步利用该反应器实施低密度接种Vero细胞进行细胞培养并扩增猪伪狂犬病毒。试验结果表明,该新型固定床反应器的混合时间、k L a与传统STR反应器相当,细胞捕获能力良好且细胞在反应器中分布均匀。采用低密度接种时Vero细胞可在该反应器中进行良好的生长,接毒5 d后累计收获的病毒总颗粒数达到10.37 log 10 TCID 50,相当于2.3×10^5剂量疫苗。该研究为细胞源疫苗的生产提供了新的反应器与技术。

关键词： 可追溯性   卫生性   生物反应器   生物发酵   细胞浓度   发酵工艺   整体解决方案   溶解氧  

摘要： 发酵工艺的效率高度依赖于过程条件的准确性——只有在稳定受控的条件下,微生物的繁殖和收获才能达到最佳。因而必须安装一套成熟可靠的系统来采集生物反应器内的信息。在生物发酵中,生物反应器的测量点繁杂,而且对卫生性和可追溯性有着极高的要求,如图1所示。在这些信息当中,最重要的参数就是pH、溶解氧和细胞浓度,这些数据必须被精确地控制和记录。

关键词： 酪丁酸梭菌   丁酸   生理特性   发酵   生物反应器  

摘要： 丁酸及其衍生物广泛应用于化工、食品、饲料、医药等各个领域,酪丁酸梭菌作为发酵产丁酸的代表菌株受到业界极大关注。对酪丁酸梭菌发酵产丁酸的研究进展做了系统综述,主要包括生理特性、产丁酸途径、廉价底物开发、遗传工程改造和新型反应器应用方面,并对酪丁酸梭菌发酵生产丁酸的研究趋势进行了展望,以期为后来研究提供一定理论和方法上的参考。

关键词： BHK-21细胞   生物反应器   悬浮培养   狂犬病病毒   rCVS-11-dG株   免疫原性  

摘要： 目的优化生物反应器悬浮批次培养狂犬病病毒(rCVS-11-dG株)工艺,制备灭活免疫原,并检测其免疫原性。方法摇瓶培养BHK-21细胞,优化rCVS-11-dG株病毒培养温度、接种MOI及接毒时初始细胞密度等病毒培养条件,使病毒与细胞相互适应,提高病毒滴度,为生物反应器培养病毒提供参数。在5 L体积的生物反应器中,低血清悬浮培养BHK-21细胞,稀释传代并接毒,确定细胞培养阶段最适传代时间、病毒培养阶段最适收毒时间,利用优化后条件培养病毒,收获的病毒液经β-丙内酯灭活后,分别加入Gel(02)、PCP-2及铝胶佐剂,制备免疫原,分单次和2次免疫BALB/c小鼠,荧光抗体病毒中和试验(fluorescent antibody virus neutralization,FAVN)检测小鼠血清抗体效价。结果 rCVS-11-dG株狂犬病病毒在摇瓶中的最适培养条件为温度34℃,接种MOI=0.01,接毒初始细胞密度3×106个/mL,接毒后48 h病毒滴度可达2×108.25TCID50/mL。生物反应器中病毒最适培养条件为温度34℃,DO 40%,MOI=0.01,搅拌120 r/min,pH 7.4,接毒后108 h病毒滴度可达2×109 TCID50/mL。病毒液灭活后混合不同佐剂免疫小鼠,单次和2次免疫组小鼠首免后14 d抗体效价均高于0.5 IU/mL,2次免疫组小鼠免疫后28、42 d抗体水平均高于单次免疫组。结论应用生物反应器培养工艺制备的灭活免疫原的病毒滴度高于摇瓶培养工艺,免疫小鼠后能产生高效价的中和抗体。本研究为生物反应器规模化生产狂犬病病毒及其灭活疫苗制备工艺的改进奠定了基础。

关键词： Granular activated carbon   Anaerobic membrane bioreactor   Municipal wastewater   Ambient temperature   Methane yield  

摘要： A novel granular activated carbon-synergized anaerobic membrane bioreactor (GAC-AnMBR), consisted of four expanded bed anaerobic bioreactors with GAC carriers and a membrane tank, was established in pilot scale (10 m3 /d) to treat real municipal wastewater (MWW) at ambient temperature seasonally fluctuating from 35 to 5 degrees C. It showed sound organic removal over 86% with the permeate COD less than 50 mg/L even at extremely low temperatures below 10 degrees C. COD mass balance analysis revealed that membrane rejection (with a contribution rate of 10%-20%) guaranteed the stable organic removal, particularly at psychrophilic temperature. The methane yield was over 0.24 L CH4 (STP)/g COD (removed) at mesophilic temperature and 0.21 L CH4 (()(STP)())/8 COD removed at 5-15 degrees C. Pyrosequencing of microbial communities suggested that lower temperature reduced the abundance of the methane producing bacteria, but the methane production was enhanced by selectively enriched Methanosaeta, syntrophic Syntrophobacter and Smithella and exoelectrogenic Geobacter for direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) on the additive GAC. Compared with previously reported pilot-scale AnMBRs, the GAC-AnMBR in this study showed better overall performance and higher stability in a wide temperature range of 5-35 degrees C. The synergistic effect of GAC on AnMBR guaranteed the robustness of GAC-AnMBR against temperature, which highlighted the applicational potential of GAC-AnMBR, especially in cold and temperate climate regions. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nickel   Zeolite   Anaerobic bioreactor   Bacterial community  

摘要： In recent years, overexploited industrialization and urbanization activities have led to significant amounts of heavy metals released into the environment. Metal ion contamination of water, especially with toxic metals such as nickel(II) [Ni(II)], which is extensively applied in the electroplating industry, has been a serious problem. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Ni(II) removal from real industrial wastewater using a 2 L, lab-scale, up-flow, anaerobic, zeolite-packed bioreactor inoculated with a heterotrophic consortium as the bioadsorbent. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed significant shifts in their bacterial diversity and structural composition along the bioreactor treatment location, where the bacterial genus was dominated by Kosmotogae followed by Firmicutes as Ruminococcus and Clostridium. However, Fervidobacterium and the Geobacter genus were absent at the end of the bioreactor treatment, suggesting that they play a key role in the beginning of Ni(II) removal anaerobic treatment. The physico-chemical results revealed that the Ni(II) removal rate was 99% for 250-500 ppm metal tested, with an efficient alkalinity rate and high production of biogas, which confirmed that anaerobic digestion of microorganisms was successfully performed through the process. Finally, this anaerobic bioreactor configuration offers an accessible and ecofriendly high-rate metal removal strategy from mining and electroplating effluents.

关键词： 气浮   改性凹凸棒土   膜过滤   微污染湖泊水   机制  

摘要： 采用气浮/改性凹凸棒土(M-ATP)/膜组合实验装置处理有机物和营养物含量高的的微污染湖泊水。结果表明,该装置对CODMn、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TP的平均去除率分别为70.3%、61.6%和68.4%。对于COD_(Mn),气浮单元的处理效果最好,去除率为33.0%,气浮和膜工艺之间存在负相关紧密关系;对于NH_(4)^(+)-N和TP,M-ATP单元的处理效果最好,去除率分别为31.6%和31.9%,气浮均和M-ATP工艺之间存在负相关紧密关系。在90 d的实验周期中,膜过滤装置跨膜压差从初期的2.3kPa增至末期的4.5 kPa,增长幅度较小,膜污染程度较低。

关键词： 微藻   规模化培养   光生物反应器   微藻采收  

摘要： 微藻作为地球上最古老的物种之一,其诞生可追溯到35亿多年前。微藻的种类十分丰富,形态也多种多样。微藻一般都含有叶绿体,因此可进行光合作用,有研究表明微藻固定CO2的能力是陆地植物的10倍。微藻以其丰富的代谢产物及独特的生理特性在可再生能源、生物医药、食品工业和环境监测等方面有着广泛的应用。然而如何在控制成本的前提下对微藻进行规模化培养成为困扰微藻应用行业的一大难题。为此,本文将从微藻的生化特点及其在各领域中的应用、微藻的规模化培养和微藻的采收3个方面对微藻的规模化培养近十年的研究进展进行综述,旨在为微藻高效培养、低成本采收的研究开发提供参考。

关键词： 污水   细菌   膜   生物反应器   部分亚硝化   亚硝酸盐氮积累率  

摘要： 膜生物反应器(Membrane Bioreactor,MBR)具有出水水质好、污泥龄(Solid RetentionTime,SRT)长等优势,该研究在中试MBR中开展猪场沼液部分亚硝化工艺研究,为部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺在实际工程上的示范应用提供技术参数。结果表明,常温状态下控制反应器内溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen,DO)在0.2~0.5 mg/L,p H值8.0±2.0条件下,成功启动并稳定运行部分亚硝化工艺,亚硝酸盐氮积累率保持稳定,最高达到87.95%,出水的亚硝酸盐氮和氨氮浓度比值稳定在1.1∶1,达到进行厌氧氨氧化反应的基质需求。部分亚硝化过程中,氨氧化细菌活性明显的提高且维持在(0.4±0.02)g/(g·d)。反应器内微生物多样性增加,菌群结构发生明显变化,优势菌门由Chloroflexi(绿弯菌门)、Firmicutes(厚壁菌门)变为Proteobacteria(变形菌门),Nitrosomonas(亚硝化单胞菌)成为反应器内的优势菌属。

关键词： Fermentation   Scale-up   Bioreactors   Gas-liquid flow   Kinetics  

摘要： The production capability of a fermentation process is predominately determined by individual strains,which ultimately affected ultimately by interactions between the scale-dependent flow field developed within bioreactors and the physiological response of these *** these complicated interactions is key for better understanding the scale-up of the fermentation *** review these two aspects and address progress in strategies for scaling up fermentation processes.A perspective on how to incorporate the multiomics big data into the scale-up strategy is presented to improve the design and operation of industrial fermentation processes.