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关键词： 硫酸盐废水   生物反应器   微生物固定化   硫酸盐还原菌  

摘要： 为解决硫酸盐废水微生物降解过程中厌氧微生物生长缓慢、生物质易流失的问题,研究了一种大孔聚苯乙烯/有机硅树脂[Poly(St/MTQ)HIPE,简称PSMH]球型载体的制备方法,并将其作为填料应用于升流式固定床生物膜反应器,固定硫酸盐还原菌后进行废水处理。对反应器在不同进水SO4^2-质量浓度、COD/SO4^2-质量浓度比条件下的脱硫效能进行评价,并通过扫描电镜考察微生物在PSMH载体上的生长情况。结果表明,反应器在进水SO4^2-质量浓度为3681.6 mg/L、COD/SO4^2-质量浓度比为2.40时,平均SO4^2-脱除速率达1.87 kg/(d·m^3),平均SO4^2-脱除率达94.6%。PSMH适宜的孔道结构有利于硫酸盐还原菌在其表面及内部粘附生长。

关键词： 火电厂   生活污水改造   膜生物反应器   回用  

摘要： 吴泾热电厂采用"缺氧/好氧膜生物反应器(AO MBR)+紫外消毒"工艺进行了生活污水处理系统改造,通过一体化AO MBR设备实现了污染物的高效去除,出水可稳定达到《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质》(GB/T 19923—2005)"敞开式循环冷却水系统补充水"标准的要求,可作为工业用水和消防用水的补充。该系统通过耦合同步膜浓缩消化工艺实现了污泥源头大幅度减量。100 m^3/d的工程实践表明,该工艺具有出水水质好、占地面积小、污泥产率低、自动化程度高等优点。

关键词： 膜污染   磁性材料   磁活性污泥   先锋物种  

摘要： 针对膜生物反应器(MBR)应用中膜污染这一难题,构建了3套MBR系统对比研究了微纳米磁性粒子对MBR运行效能的影响,包括污染物去除效果、污泥混合液特性、膜污染情况等;并基于高通量测序技术,深入分析了微生物群落演替规律与MBR运行效能的关系。结果表明:微纳米磁性粒子的引入均未在污染物去除方面产生负面影响,MBR出水COD浓度低于50 mg·L^-1,出水NH-N维持在5 mg·L^-1以下,均可达到国家污水排放标准一级A标准(GB 18918-2002);微纳米磁性粒子的引入均有效减缓了膜污染,并且微米尺度材料延缓效果更显著。膜污染组分分析表明:不同粒径磁性材料引入均有效降低了SMP、LB-EPS各组分浓度;同时有效减少了反应器中大分子物质含量,增加了小分子物质含量,因而降低了膜污染速率。微生物群落分析表明,微纳米磁性粒子的引入可能抑制了应器中易引起膜污染的先锋物种Alphaproteobacteria的生长,有效延缓了膜污染,并且微米粒径材料抑制效果更显著。研究结果可为磁活性污泥法调控MBR膜污染的工程应用提供参考。

关键词： MBR   Electrocoagulation   Electric field   Anti-fouling   EPSs  

摘要： Membrane fouling is one of the most challenging issues confining membrane bioreactors (MBRs) application. An integrated electro-MBR (eMBR) was established to explore the performance of antifouling and contaminants removal under the role of electrocoagulation (EC) coupled with an electric field (EF). During the 39 d of operation, the membrane service cycle of the eMBR after each hydraulic cleaning was similar to 8 d, on average, which was 1.3 times longer that of MBR. The eMBR exhibited a marked improvement in pollutant removal, with total phosphorus (TP) removal of similar to 99% and COD removal of similar to 85%. Results revealed that EC and EF increased the porosity and thickness of the cake layer due to floc size enhancement and particle polarization, resulting in the alleviation of membrane fouling. The energy consumption in eMBR and MBR was 45 and 50 kWh/m(3), respectively. EPSs experiments show the best EPSs removal efficiency of 90.6% and the highest membrane flux of 65.2% at 4 V/cm. Compared with the conventional MBR, high-throughput sequencing demonstrated an enriched microbial diversity in the eMBR due to the stimulation by the EF and EC, which, in turn, facilitated the improvement in contaminant removal. These findings provide new insight and principles for the design and operation of eMBRs.

关键词： Upflow fluidised sand bioreactor   Micropollutant removal   Acclimation   Selective enrichment   Pesticides  

摘要： Metaldehyde removal was delivered to below the 0.1 mg L-1 regulatory concentration in a laboratory scale continuous upflow fluidised sand bioreactor that had undergone acclimation through selective enrichment for metaldehyde degradation. This is the first reported case of successful continuous flow biological treatment of metaldehyde from real drinking water sources treating environmentally realistic metaldehyde concentrations. The impact of the acclimation process was impermanent, with the duration of effective treatment directly related to the elevated concentration of metaldehyde used during the enrichment process. The efficacy of the approach was demonstrated in continuous flow columns at both laboratory and pilot scale enabling degradation rates of between 0.1 and 0.2 mg L-1 h(-1). Future work needs to focus on optimisation of the sand bioreactor and the acclimation process to ensure viability and feasibility of the approach at full scale. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 反硝化细菌   地浸采铀   硝酸根   生物反应器  

摘要： 针对铀矿冶废水中存在过量硝酸根的问题,通过以轻质黏土陶粒为载体的上流式固定床生物反应器对模拟的铀矿山废水进行了NO-3的去除试验研究。考察了载体种类、挂膜次数、NO-3质量浓度、pH、n(C)/n(N)和水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)等因素对反硝化效果的影响,结果表明生物反应器对硝酸根去除效果良好。以NO-3质量浓度为500 mg/L模拟废水进行流动实验,tHRT由6 h下降至2 h的过程中,反应体系稳定后NO-3去除率均为100%,达到了预期的去除效果。

关键词： 乙酸香茅酯   荧光假单胞菌脂肪酶   脱脂棉   静置条件   生物反应器  

摘要： 为提高脂肪酶催化合成乙酸香茅酯的效率,优化催化条件,通过物理吸附,将脂肪酶Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase(PFL)固定在脱脂棉上,与柱形瓶或滴定管形成简易的生物反应器,并用于催化香茅醇与乙酸乙烯酯反应,合成乙酸香茅酯。结果发现,即使在静置条件下,在脱脂棉固定化PFL瓶型生物反应器中,在37℃催化反应24 h,香茅醇转化成乙酸香茅酯的转化率达96%以上。同样在静置条件下,在脱脂棉固定化PFL管式生物反应器中,在室温下催化反应4 h,香茅醇转化成乙酸香茅酯的转化率达68.5%。显然,制备的固定化酶反应器具有高效的催化作用。

关键词： 有机废水   厌氧膜生物反应器   厌氧工艺   膜污染   能量回收   影响因素   水环境保护   水污染治理  

摘要： 高浓度及工业企业难降解有机废水直接排放水体会严重危害环境安全和人类健康。结合膜生物反应器的使用,出现了将厌氧工艺和膜分离工艺结合在一起的新型废水处理技术——厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBR),具有高效处理高浓度及工业有机废水能力。针对AnMBR高效处理有机废水相关问题,研究了影响反应器降解有机物效率的因素和反应器能量回收与利用的情况,并对膜污染问题进行了讨论,展望了AnMBR绿色生物处理技术的发展前景。结果表明,在生物降解过程中的胞外多聚物及一些可溶性微生物产物抵抗了对微生物的抑制作用,通过对膜材料的改性、调节混合液的性质以及采用动力学调控的方法可减缓膜污染。AnMBR可以有效地处理有机废水,但仍然面临着技术上和经济上的巨大挑战。将AnMBR与其他工艺结合处理一般生物处理法难以处理的人工合成的化学物质可产生可以回收利用的能源,提高AnMBR商业化的可行性;这为以后AnMBR的广泛应用提供了新思路。

关键词： Forward osmosis   Osmotic membrane bioreactor   Wastewater treatment  

摘要： The management of fermentation brines from the table olive processing is very complex due to its characteristics: high salinity and high organic matter concentration including phenolic compounds, which behave as slow degradable compounds when a biological process is performed. In this work, the management of these effluents by an osmotic membrane bioreactor has been assessed. This technique combines a biological reactor with forward osmosis membranes. For the study, a laboratory plant consisting of 1 L reactor and a forward osmosis module equipped with a membrane of 42 cm(2) of active surface has been used. Fermentation brine from table olive processing was fed to the system both as draw solution to set out the driving force for the membrane process and as a part of the feed to the reactor, mixing it with municipal wastewater. The experiments were carried out at a constant feed to microorganism ratio of 0.4 g COD.g SS-1.d(-1). Results indicated that the hypersaline effluent was able to produce the needed driving force by the process. Permeate fluxes ranged between 1 and 1.5 L.m(-2).h(-1) after the flux decay of the first operation days. Concerning the biological reaction, it has to be highlighted that phenols were eliminated after 24 days. Until that day, the biological process was jeopardized due to the quick increase of the conductivity in the reactor (ranging between 30 and 35 ***(-1)), which was caused not only by the salinity of the influent but also by the reverse salt flux phenomenon. Soluble microbial products and extracted extracellular polymeric substances also increased in the reactor during the start-up.

关键词： 厌氧膜生物反应器   剩余污泥   两级厌氧消化   膜污染  

摘要： 采用中试规模的内置式两级厌氧膜生物反应器对未经预处理的剩余污泥进行厌氧消化,考察其消化效能及膜运行性能。反应器分两阶段运行,第Ⅰ阶段(第1~59天)保持不排泥运行,有机负荷为0.58 kgVS/(m^3·d),挥发性固体(VS)降解率为51.7%,单位产气量为0.143 m^3/kgVS。不排泥运行条件下,反应罐内污泥总固体(TS)迅速累积到131.1 g/L,溶解性微生物产物(SMP)持续增加到27.0 mg/L。快速累积的污泥浓度及SMP使膜污染加剧,导致膜通量从1.74 L/(m^2·h)降到0.60 L/(m^2·h)。为解决此问题,第Ⅱ阶段(第60~90天)开始排泥运行,此时有机负荷为0.50 kgVS/(m^3·d),VS降解率为48.6%,单位产气量为0.139 m^3/kgVS。通过排泥,罐内污泥TS降至(50±10)g/L,明显低于不排泥状态;SMP不再增加并保持动态平衡,而且此时的膜污染得到有效缓解,膜清洗间隔延长,表明厌氧消化过程中污泥性质的变化是导致膜污染加剧的主要原因,排泥能延缓膜污染。