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关键词： AGMBR   典型构型   去除效能   膜污染   参数优化  

摘要： 好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器(AGMBR)是一种将好氧颗粒污泥与膜技术相结合的复合式膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺,具有高质出水和低膜污染的特点.综述了AGMBR的典型构型和好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)的特性研究、AGMBR对有机物与营养元素的去除效能、膜污染的控制以及运行参数优化等方面的研究进展,并展望了AGMBR的应用前景和面临的挑战.

关键词： 厌氧膜生物反应器   污泥   操作条件   膜污染控制方法  

摘要： 随着我国污泥产量连年递增,污泥处理处置市场热度骤升.与传统的污泥厌氧消化相比,厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBRs)体现出很大的优势.本文着重于AnMBRs处理污泥时的主要操作参数固体停留时间(SRT)、水力停留时间(HRT)、有机负荷(OLR)和温度对其消化性能影响的相关研究,并对AnMBRs的主要膜污染控制方法进行了综述.在目前的研究基础上,提出了AnMBRs处理污泥时的操作条件与膜污染控制方法的进一步研究方向,以此推动AnMBRs的污泥消化技术研究与应用.

关键词： 厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBR)   剩余污泥   餐厨垃圾   厌氧消化   运行性能  

摘要： 采用厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor,AnMBR)进行剩余污泥与餐厨垃圾的共消化,研究其有机物的去除特性、产气性能和微生物群落组成等运行性能.结果表明,反应器运行过程中有机负荷(organic loading rate,OLR,以VS计)稳定在0.59~0.64 kg·(m^3·d)^-1,挥发性固体(volatile solids,VS)降解率由单消化17.5%上升至共消化40%,COD截留率为95.3%.消化液含固率提高了3.9倍,最终CH4体积分数稳定在60%,CH4产量(以CODadded计)为78.7 mL·g^-1.跨膜压差(transmembrane pressure,TMP)和平均Flux分别维持在-3.1^-2.7 kPa和0.106 L·(m^2·h)^-1,膜污染较轻.16S rRNA微生物多样性分析表明,AnMBR内部厌氧消化细菌主要是Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)和Cloacimonetes(阴沟单胞菌门),产甲烷菌中的优势菌科为Methanobacterium(甲烷杆菌科),优势菌属为Methanosaeta(甲烷鬃毛菌属)和Methanolinea(甲烷绳菌属).这将为AnMBR处理污泥及其它高含固率废物流的稳定性和运行性能研究提供有力的理论参考依据,进而为生物质资源化和能源危机提供有效解决途径.

关键词： BSL-3实验室   篮式生物反应器   安全性  

摘要： 目的对篮式生物反应器在BSL-3实验室进行高致病性病毒培养的风险点加以评估,通过对病毒接种、培养、收获3个阶段环境中病毒浓度的监测判断其在BSL-3实验室病毒培养的安全性。方法用灭菌的拭子在病毒的接种、培养、收获3个阶段对篮式生物反应器的罐体及连接处进行涂抹采样,同时在安全柜中,用AirPort MD8空气采样器对病毒的接种和收获操作过成进行空气采样,并且对在3个阶段操作后,实验人员的个人防护装备进行涂抹采样,3种方式进行监测。结果在病毒接种、培养、收获3个阶段,篮式生物反应器的罐体及连接处采样病毒检测结果均为阴性,在病毒接种和收获操作过程中的空气采样病毒检测结果均为阴性,实验人员个人防护装备采样的病毒检测结果均为阴性。结论在BSL-3实验室采用篮式生物反应器进行病毒培养的方法是安全可靠的,通过检测结果显示其在整个操作过程中,未有病毒的泄露,进而确保了实验人员和实验室内环境的生物安全。

关键词： 膜生物反应器   应用   水处理  

摘要： 膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺是活性污泥法和膜分离技术的结合,膜分离技术取替了传统活性污泥法的二沉池和常规过滤单元,具有高效固液分离性能;同时MBR能维持超高浓度的活性污泥,使污染物分解彻底,出水效果好,消毒后可直接回用。

关键词： AnMBR   Biogas   Sewage sludge   Food waste   Co-digestion  

摘要： The performance of co-digestion of food waste (FW) and sewage sludge (sludge) by a thermophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactor (ThAnMBR) was firstly investigated. The long-term stable operation showed the feasibility of the utilization of ThAnMBR for mono- and co-digestion of FW and sludge at a high solid condition. Good permeate quality was obtained at all sludge ratios while the addition of sludge restricted the methane generation. For a sludge substitution with a 25% TS-based substrate, the biogas yield of 0.812 L/g-VS_fed was at 91% and 158% that of the mono-digestion of FW and sludge, respectively. Membrane performance indicated that the ThAnMBR operated stably at a high flux of 5 LMH under the high solid (~27 g/L) condition. Furthermore, membrane filtration with a 0.1 μm pore size of hollow fiber not only completely removed suspended solids but also rejected about 70% of soluble COD, 80% of soluble carbohydrates and 17% of soluble proteins.

关键词： Aquaculture   Wastewater   Microalgae   Iron oxide nanoparticles   Reactor  

摘要： Aquaculture operations produce high volumes of wastewater containing suspended solids and nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Treatment of water effluent from fish production ponds is essential for sustain environment. So, the present study was conducted to evaluate simultaneous use of microalgae and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) to purify aquaculture effluents within a designed bioreactor. For designing experiment, effluent samples were collected from fish farms in Sari, Iran. Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared from Iranian Nano Pishgaman Company. Chlorella vulgaris was captured from the environment, then purified and cultured in the laboratory. After that, NP and microalgae were transferred to the reactor space. TSS (total suspended solid), TDS (total dissolved solid), BOD (biological oxygen demand), pH (power of hydrogen), EC (electrical conductivity), NO3 (nitrates), NO2 (nitrite), NH4, (ammonium) and PO4 (phosphates) were measured during the experiment period which NH4 (93.67 %), NO3 (92.23 %), NO2 (89.3 %), and PO4 (89.25 %) showed the highest reduction percentage, respectively. Also, significant differences among the calculated parameters (except for pH) were observed during the experiment (P < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the simultaneous use of microalgae and nanoparticles is desirable for purification of aquaculture wastewaters.

关键词： Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR)   Microbial community structure   Municipal wastewater   Ambient operation   Core microbiome   Syntrophy  

摘要： This study evaluates the microbial community development in the suspended sludge within a pilot-scale gas sparged Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) under ambient conditions, as well as understand the influence of microbial signatures in the influent municipal wastewater on the bioreactor using amplicon sequence analysis. The predominant bacterial phyla comprised of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi demonstrated resiliency with ambient temperature operation over a period of 472 days. Acetoclastic Methanosaeta were predominant during most of the AnMBR operation. Beta diversity analysis indicated that the microbial communities present in the influent wastewater did not affect the AnMBR core microbiome. Syntrophic microbial interactions were evidenced by the presence of the members from Synergistales, Anaerolineales, Clostridiales, and Syntrophobacterales. The proliferation of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) along with sulfate reduction underscored the competition of SRB in the AnMBR. Operational and environmental variables did not greatly alter the core bacterial population based on canonical correspondence analysis.

关键词： Nitritation   Anammox   Denitrification   C/N ratio   Membrane fouling  

摘要： An experiment was conducted in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) to investigate the start-up, optimization, and membrane fouling behavior of a simultaneous nitritation, anammox, and denitrification (SNAD) process for the treatment of nitrogen-containing organic wastewater. The start-up process of SNAD included three periods: first, anammox flocs were incubated in the bioreactor and enriched using a short hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 24 h to 4.0 h, this treatment enhanced the anammox start-up process, and a nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of 82.5% and nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 0.49 kg/(m(3)d) were achieved. Second, a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process that incorporated aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) was started up through the optimization of intermittent aeration (non-aeration time to aeration time of 4.0:10 min), in this process, the dissolved oxygen (DO) remained in the range of 0.6-0.8 mg/L. Third, the SNAD process was started up by introducing organic carbon (sodium acetate), ammonium removal efficiency (ARE) of 91.2%, NRE of 77.9%, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency (CRE) of 82.4% were achieved at a C/N ratio of 0.5. The SNAD process was further optimized by regulating the C/N ratio. The optimum synergy of the AnAOB, AnAOB, and denitrifying bacteria (DNB) was achieved at a C/N ratio of 1.0, and the ARE, NRE, and CRE were 91.7%, 86.4%, and 85%, respectively. A SNAD mass balance model was established and indicated that the anammox process played a dominant role in nitrogen removal, the contribution of the anammox pathway to nitrogen removal was 64.7%. The membrane fouling rate was reduced due to an increase in the particle size resulting from the increase in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content and the ratio of the protein to carbohydrate concentrations in the EPS (EPSp/EPSc). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) ana