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关键词： 微藻   生物柴油   规模化培养   培养方式   光生物反应器  

摘要： 随着化石能源的逐年消耗,以可再生资源生产能源物质成为解决能源问题的重要途径之一,其中产油微藻制备生物柴油成为生物质能源领域的研究热点。介绍了微藻生物柴油的国内外发展概况以及其规模化培育过程中藻种的选育情况,探讨了藻种规模化培育过程中的关键技术环节以及存在的主要问题,并对微藻生物柴油的发展趋势和面临的挑战进行了评述。

关键词： 威代尔葡萄   嫩枝扦插   生根率  

摘要： 以银川植物园种植的3年生威代尔苗木为采穗株,研究生根剂浓度和基质配比对威代尔嫩枝扦插育苗生根率的影响。结果表明:随着生根剂(IBA)浓度的升高,威代尔葡萄嫩枝扦插生根率出现降低的趋势,以100mg/L为最佳生根剂浓度;草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩为1∶1∶4时为最适的扦插基质。

关键词： 垃圾渗滤液   复合式厌氧折流板反应器   厌氧   优化   生物反应器  

摘要： 采用复合式厌氧折流板反应器对垃圾渗滤液的处理工艺进行研究,主要考察了温度、水力停留时间(HRT)、进水氨氮质量浓度对反应器处理效率的单因素影响.结果表明,当温度由30℃降到10℃时,化学需氧量(COD)去除率下降了49.11%;随着HRT的缩短,系统容积负荷逐渐提高,COD去除率呈下降趋势;当进水氨氮质量浓度逐渐升高,反应器对COD的去除能力大幅度下降.利用响应曲面法得出最优参数:当温度为34.97℃,HRT为46.54h时,COD去除率最高,达到88.57%.

关键词： 微生物电解池   COD去除效率   甲烷产量   膜污染   微生物特性  

摘要： 目的:将微生物电解池(MEC)与厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBR)耦合,构建MEC-AnMBR系统,以期同步实现污水高效处理和膜污染缓解,推动膜生物反应器的理论创新和技术创新.创新点:1.将MEC与AnMBR耦合,构建MEC-AnMBR系统用于高浓度有机废水的处理;2.研究反应器运行和微生物群落之间的关系;3.探究膜污染运行周期中各膜污染阶段微生物代谢产物与自身代谢活性的变化规律.方法:1.启动和运行MEC-AnMBR反应器,并与传统AnMBR对照,综合考察MEC-AnMBR反应器的运行性能;2.利用高通量测序技术对传统AnMBR和MEC-AnMBR各膜污染阶段的阴极膜表面微生物群落结构及多样性进行研究,并综合分析MEC-AnMBR反应器的运行特性与微生物群落间的相互关系;3.对MEC-AnMBR反应器阴极膜组件及微生物分泌物进行原位观察,并研究其在膜污染运行周期中各膜污染阶段微生物代谢产物与自身代谢活性的变化规律.结论:1.成功构建微生物电解池MEC-AnMBR生物系统;2.与AnMBR相比,MEC-AnMBR中的化学需氧量(COD)去除效率和甲烷产量分别增加6.7%和77.1%;3.与AnMBR相比,MEC-AnMBR的膜污染因细胞外聚合物和可溶性微生物产物增长缓慢而大大减少;4.高通量测序分析表明MEC-AnMBR富含互养菌属(Synergistaceae-uncultured)和互营热菌属(Thermovirga),而Thermovirga是关键的功能性微生物;5.这些结果表明MEC-AnMBR可同时提高反应器效率并减轻膜污染.

关键词： Thiocyanate   Bioremediation   Autotroph   Bioreactor   Mining   Wastewater   Microbiome   Metagenomics   Sulphur oxidation  

摘要： Industrial thiocyanate (SCN-) waste streams from gold mining and coal coking have polluted environments worldwide. Modern SCN- bioremediation involves use of complex engineered heterotrophic microbiomes;little attention has been given to the ability of a simple environmental autotrophic microbiome to biodegrade SDI-. Here we present results from a bioreactor experiment inoculated with SCN- -loaded mine tailings, incubated autotrophically, and subjected to a range of environmentally relevant conditions. Genome-resolved metagenomics revealed that SCN- hydrolase-encoding, sulphur oxidizing autotrophic bacteria mediated SCN- degradation. These microbes supported metabolically dependent non-SCN--degrading sulphur-oxidizing autotrophs and non-sulphur oxidizing heterotrophs, and "niche" microbiomes developed spatially (planktonic versus sessile) and temporally (across changing environmental parameters). Bioreactor microbiome structures changed significantly with increasing temperature, shifting from Thiobacilli to a novel SCN- hydrolase-encoding gammaproteobacteria. Transformation of carbonyl sulphide (COS), a key intermediate in global biogeochemical sulphur cycling, was mediated by plasmid-hosted CS2 and COS hydrolase genes associated with Thiobacillus, revealing a potential for horizontal transfer of this function. Our work shows that simple native autotrophic microbiomes from mine tailings can be employed for SCN- bioremediation, thus improving the recycling of ore processing waters and reducing the hydrological footprint of mining. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bio-oil   Continuous with cell-recycle   Hydrothermal liquefaction   Rhodococcus opacus   Refinery wastewater treatment   Tubular ceramic membrane  

摘要： Rapid consumption of fossil fuels has led to the search for alternative energy sources. Bio-fuels as an alternative energy source require cheap and abundantly available substrates to keep the economics of the production process low. The present study was therefore focused on utilizing raw refinery wastewater by the oleaginous bacterium Rhodococcus opacus for converting it into bio-oil via hydrothermal liquefaction of the lipid rich biomass produced during the treatment process. For treating the wastewater, different operating modes using a bioreactor were evaluated including batch, fed-batch, sequential batch, continuous and continuous with cell recycle using low cost tubular ceramic membrane. Among the different strategies, the continuous cell recycle system proved efficient in terms of complete removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (99%) and high lipid production (86%, w/w) at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 16 h (dilution rate of 0.06 h(-1)). Furthermore, the residual bacterial biomass from the bioreactor was treated by HTL to produce bio-oil which showed excellent bio-fuel properties. This study demonstrated the application of R. opacus for simultaneous wastewater treatment and production of bio-oil for energy application.

关键词： 无动力   内循环   一体化设备  

摘要： 控制污染物的排放浓度,防治水质污染是我国水环境保护的首要任务,以及国家对污水排放标准的提高,污水处理系统设备化成为环保行业发展的重要研究方向。针对乡镇生活废水水质水量波动大的特点,文中以一种新型的无动力内循环一体化生物反应器作为研究对象,提出该设备设计的要点和对策,即:包含高效的微生物强化技术,无动力,内循环,从而达到降低产品设备投资和运行成本的目的,为新型设备的研发和推广提供依据,促进其产业化及其在污水处理中的应用。

关键词： 厌氧膜生物反应器   污水处理   运作效果   膜污染  

摘要： 厌氧膜生物反应器具有净生产率高、出水水质好、残留污泥产量低的优点,已成为近年来的研究热点。自2006年以来,相关研究的数量逐年增加,特别是在过去的五年中,城市污水处理的文献约占68%。本文综述了厌氧膜反应器的典型工艺类型,操作效果和影响因素,最后指出了在城市污水处理和工业废水处理中厌氧膜反应器应用的未来发展方向。

关键词： 高效脱氮   厌氧氨氧化   生物反应器   强化传质  

摘要： 该研究结合生物膜、膜生物反应器和厌氧氨氧化工艺(Anammox),设计了以无纺布为载体的双功能无纺布-生物反应器,无纺布过滤组件兼具生物膜载体和固液分离的双重功能,应用于Anammox工艺中实现高效脱氮。长期监测表明,反应器的氮去除率达到约1.02 kg/(m3·d()以N计)。反应器的出水NH4+-N和NO2--N浓度都始终低于悬浮溶液中上清液的浓度,反应器总氮脱除主要通过接触传质过程,总氮去除率占60%以上;而通过强化传质过程,总氮去除率达到20%~30%。随着进水氮浓度的提升,通过强化传质作用的脱氮效率也逐步提升,当总氮进水浓度为600 mg/L(以N计)时,去除率达到最大30%。此外,在193 d的运行过程中,膜污染现象未出现。

关键词： Sugarcane bagasse   Bioethanol   Bioreactor   Membrane   Fermentation  

摘要： Bioethanol is the most widely used transportation fuel and is often employed as an alternate to conventional petroleum fuel. The most important challenge in bioethanol production process is to achieve nearly pure ethanol by downstream purification. Production of ethanol from sugarcane bagasse was studied in a membrane integrated hybrid bioreactor for 115 h using yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fermented product was subjected to continuous microfiltration after 20 h of batch fermentation and 100% rejection of microorganism was achieved at this state. A maximum cell density of 2.4 of was reached in the fermenter during fermentation. The maximum cell density reached in the fermenter during fermentation was 2.4 g/l. While studying the membrane performance during microfiltration, a flux decrease from 44.4 l/m(2)h to 8.4 l/m(2)h was observed after 65 h of continuous filtration at constant 3 bar transmembrane pressure. The permeate samples obtained from microfiltration were subjected to nanofiltration in order to recycle unconverted glucose from water ethanol mixture. During nanofiltration, the membrane performance revealed 58-86% rejection of glucose, a maximum ethanol concentration of 43.2 g/l in the permeate and the reduction of membrane flux from 41.4 l/m(2)h to 8.2 l/m(2)h after 19 h of continuous filtration at 10 bar transmembrane pressure. This membrane based approach for bioethanol production employs a sustainable and clean technology which comes up with low or no waste generation.