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关键词： MBR   膜污染   膜污染分类  

摘要： 膜生物反应器(MBR)在污水处理方面极具前景,在我国受到广泛地关注。然而膜污染严重影响膜通量,增加系统运行成本,制约MBR的进一步发展。本文从膜污染分类及其影响因素两方面,概述了我国MBR研究进展,分析了研究中的不足,以期为今后膜污染研究方向提供一些建议。

关键词： 高效生物反应器   石化废水   难降解废水   生化处理  

摘要： 介绍了高效生物反应器在低COD难降解石化废水处理中的中试及实际工程应用,实践证明,高效生物反应器针对低COD难降解废水在中试中COD去除率为63.13,工程实例中COD去除率为59.4%,且运行费用低,抗冲击效果好,工艺流程简单,运行效果稳定。

关键词： 膜生物反应器   耦合工艺   生物膜-膜生物反应器   膜电生物反应器  

摘要： 本文介绍了膜生物反应器的基本原理、分类及应用现状,阐述了几种典型的MBR耦合工艺的研究进展,并对其进一步研究指明方向。

关键词： 铁碳微电解   曝气膜生物反应器   印染废水   组合工艺  

摘要： 采用铁碳微电解-曝气膜生物反应器(物化-生化)组合工艺对河北省某印染厂的工业废水进行处理。结果表明,铁碳微电解处理废水的优化运行条件,即铁碳质量比3:1、pH为5、曝气反应时间4 h,在此条件下,COD、色度的去除率分别为55%、75%。铁碳微电解处理过后的废水再经曝气膜生物反应器COD负荷为7 g/(m^2·d)、水力停留时间6 h时,处理效果为优。组合工艺对印染废水COD、色度的平均去除率分别为93.8%、91.6%,处理后出水水质满足GB 4287-2012要求。

关键词： Carbon footprint   Municipal wastewater treatment   Emission factor   Nitrous oxide   Methane   Multiple hood monitoring  

摘要： Fugitive greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) have been reported from many different wastewater treatment plants. However, the majority of the current literature only reports emissions during short periods of time and only focuses on one of the two GHGs. In this study, N2O and CH4 emissions from the aerated parts of a plug-flow full-scale bioreactor treating municipal wastewater were studied over five months from November through March. A multiple gas hood collection system was used to simultaneously monitor the first three aerated compartments of the plug-flow bioreactor. Results show temporal variations in N2O emissions with N2O detected during November, no emissions during December and January, and a recovery of emissions from February onwards. In addition, different spatial emissions were found across the three aerated zones, with the highest N2O emissions detected in the second aerated zone. A daily N2O emission pattern was characterised by an N2O peak correlated with the ammonium that arrived in the monitored zone. However, CH4 emissions occurred during the whole monitored period and showed a spatial variability inside the plug flow bioreactor, presenting the highest emissions in the first aerated zone and then decreasing in the two subsequent zones. In addition, the dynamic carbon footprint (C-footprint) of the bioreactor is presented in which the contribution of the direct and indirect emissions (related to electricity consumption) is assessed. Results show that CH4 emissions account for the majority of the direct emissions. Moreover, CH4 and N2O emissions represent approximately 60% of the total emissions (direct and indirect) originating from the bioreactors. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Denitrifying bioreactor   Stormwater   Drainage   Hydraulic retention time  

摘要： Denitrifying bioreactors can be an effective management strategy to address excess nitrate from tile-drained fields. However, there has been minimal research on how bioreactors function during storm events, which can account for large portions of annual nitrate load. Storm events cause reduced hydraulic retention time and potentially temperature and flow path fluctuations that may disturb denitrifying microbial communities within the bioreactor. In this study, nitrate concentration and flow rate were monitored during baseflow and storm-induced flow in four denitrifying bioreactors treating agricultural tile drainage to compare removal rate (RR) and removal efficiency (RE) between flow conditions. Removal rate was higher in stormflow than baseflow for all the bioreactors, though this was only significant for two bioreactors. However, RR was lower on average following events compared with pre-storm rates. Lag time, the period between a parcel of water entering the bioreactor and exiting, ranged between 2 and 24 h for the observed storms. Calculations of RR and RE that account for lag time were significantly lower than standard calculations. The model of RR that included a variable of flow variation (coefficient of variation in flow over a 24-hour period) was most effective at describing observed data. This, along with differences in RR between baseflow and stormflow, suggests that bioreactor function in storms should be considered separately from baseflow. Decreased RR following storms also suggests that bioreactors may require additional design considerations to reduce disturbance, especially for fields where much of the annual nitrate runoff load is concentrated in storm-induced events.

关键词： 好氧颗粒污泥   膜生物反应器   污染物去除   城市生活污水  

摘要： 为解决城市生活污水处理工艺存在水力停留时间较长、占地面积较大、脱氮除磷效果较差等问题,研究开发一套处理城市生活污水的AGS-MBR新工艺。以20%的实际生活污水和80%的人工配水混合为原水,基于逐步增加有机负荷和缩短沉淀时间的启动方式,连续运行AGS-MBR工艺100 d,考察AGS的污泥特性变化,并监测进、出水中COD、NH_4^+-N、TN、TP的去除效果。结果表明:在40 d时,SBR内培养出粒径达到2 mm的好氧颗粒污泥,比耗氧速率为46. 5 mg/(g·h),微生物代谢活性较高。工艺稳定运行期间,出水ρ(COD)、ρ(NH_4^+-N)、ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)平均值分别为22,0. 07,9. 5,0. 43mg/L,达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准。

关键词： 家蚕生物反应器   中国农业科学院   γ-干扰素   重组杆状病毒   蛋白质工程   安全证书   生物技术   基因工程  

摘要： 近日,农业农村部向中国农业科学院生物技术研究所颁发了重组杆状病毒/rBmNPV表达的鸡γ-干扰素和猫3-ω干扰素两项生产应用安全证书,标志着利用家蚕生物反应器生产动物用基因工程制品范围得到进一步拓宽。生物所微生物蛋白质工程创新团队通过多年研究,成功实现了鸡γ-干扰素在家蚕生物反应器中的重组表达。

关键词： 浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器   支持向量机   低浓度生活污水   甲烷  

摘要： 研究浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器(submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor,SAn MBR)处理低浓度生活污水的产甲烷特性,考察运行期间甲烷产率变化以及有机负荷(OLR)与甲烷产生量的关系。结果表明,SAn MBR在中温[(35±1)℃]、p H为6.8~7.2,HRT为6~15 h条件下,甲烷产率最大为0.067 L·g-1COD。在进水OLR为0.29~2.85 kg COD/m3·d-1条件下,甲烷日产生量和累积甲烷产生量与OLR呈线性相关,拟合方程分别为甲烷日产生量=0.3OLR+0.23(R2=0.89)和累积甲烷产生量=29.8OLR-5.45(R2=0.81)。对反应器甲烷产生量通过支持向量机进行模拟预测表明,反应器甲烷产生量可长期保持稳定,反应器耐冲击负荷能力较强。

关键词： Bioreactors  

摘要： Photocatalysis has been proposed as a synergistic addition to ultraviolet (UV) dosing systems to provide a form of advanced oxidation. The photocatalytic process, however, is significantly inhibited by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) offer an opportunity to simultaneously control DOM and provide a structure to support photocatalysts. Here, effluent organic matter (EfOM) samples from two MBR facilities employing membranes with different nominal pore sizes were assessed for their inhibition of TiO2 photocatalysis. Photocatalytic activity was quantified by measuring the photodegradation of a probe compound, para-chlorobenzoic acid. Analysis of inhibition profiles of both EfOM and a well-known center dot OH quencher, tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH) showed that MBR EfOM inhibited photocatalysis via competitive adsorption and surface reactions as well as reactions in the bulk phase. EfOM concentrations below 0.34 mgC/L did not inhibit photocatalysis, whereas EfOM concentrations of above 1.8 mgC/L completely negated photocatalytic action. The results suggest that avoiding unwanted quenching reactions may be possible with proper operational control of the upstream MBR process. Insights into the relevance of radical quenching mechanisms are offered with regard to applying TiO2 to wastewater treatment.