课程文献中心 更多>>

标准号: BS PD CEN/TR 15897-2018

关键词： sludge recirculation   Reactors   Hydraulic retention time   Alcaligenes faecalis   nitrous oxide   Organic carbon   Emissions   Hormone Replacement Therapy   Membrane reactors   methane   Greenhouse gas emissions   Nitrogen Removal  

摘要： Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from two-stage membrane bioreactor (MBR) bio-augmented by Alcaligenes faecalis no. 4 during municipal solid waste leachate treatment were investigated. The system was operated at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.5 and 1 days in each reactor under the presence and absence of sludge recirculation. Alcaligenes faecalis no. 4 bio-augmentation helped improving organic carbon and nitrogen removals while reducing CH4 and N2O emissions. CH4 and N2O emissions were decreased by 46% and 85% when A. faecalis no. 4 was introduced at HRT of 2.5 days. Under the presence of A. faecalis no. 4, the operation of two-stage MBR with sludge recirculation could reduce CH4 and N2O emissions by 51% and 54% as compared to its operation without sludge recirculation. An operation under short HRT of 1 day also yielded high organic carbon and nitrogen removals of more than 85% while emitting lower CH4 and N2O emission of 6.7% C and 0.04% N when operated with sludge recirculation. Implications: A two-stage membrane bioreactor was effectively applied to the treatment of concentrated leachate (BOD similar to 20,000 mg/L) at a short hydraulic retention time of 2.5 days and 1 day. About 80% of CH4 and N2O was emitted from the anaerobic and aerobic reactors, respectively. Introduction of Alcaligenes faecalis no. 4 reduced CH4 and N2O emissions in both reactors as it became the predominant microorganism under an elevated pH condition. Lower CH4 and N2O emissions were achieved under a sludge recirculation operation, as Alcaligenes faecalis no. 4 could suppress methanogenic activities in the anaerobic reactor and converted a majority of nitrogen into its cell mass, thus reducing N2O production through a biological nitrification-denitrification pathway.

关键词： Biotechnology   bioreactor   organic waste   anaerobic process   biogas  

摘要： The examined equipment is a batch bioreactor intended to produce biogas from sewage sludge, vegetal and other organic wastes. The maintenance of an optimal temperature and oxygen concentration inside the devise, as well as the intensity of mixing a substrate, result in methane CH4 actively generated by methanogenic bacterial colonies. Manufacturing biotechnologies and biogas deal with environmental protection, energy and economic problems. For research purposes, considering organic loading (hereinafter, VS/L), four different types of the packing material of sewage sludge, including VS/L = 3.5 g L-1, VS/L = 5.0 g L-1, VS/L = 10.0 g L-1 and VS/L = 15.0 g L-1, were used. The highest concentration of CH4 (75.1%) and yield of biogas (36.78 L d(-1)) were found using a packing material, the organic loading of which made 15.0 g L-1. Throughout the experiment, the temperature of the mesophilic process reached 35-37 degrees C, and the concentration of oxygen was 0.0-0.1%. The research carried out has disclosed the dependencies of the components of biogas on the number of the days of the performed experiment. With reference to experimental research conducted at the laboratory, a small-sized batch bioreactor can be designed and successfully used in a small farm.

关键词： 篮式生物反应器   Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒   病毒培养   Vero细胞  

摘要： 目的建立篮式生物反应器培养Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒的工艺。方法对细胞接种密度、载体装量、培养基种类、病毒培养温度、pH、MOI等培养条件进行优化,通过测定葡萄糖消耗量、病毒滴度、宿主细胞蛋白(host cell protein,HCP)残留量,分析并确定脊髓灰质炎病毒的最适培养工艺参数。结果载体装量400~600 g,细胞接种密度1×10^6个/mL时,葡萄糖消耗量最大,平台期持续2~3 d,此时细胞接种病毒最佳。以0. 01~0. 3 MOI接种Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型脊髓灰质炎病毒,采用199培养基于(33±0. 5)℃,pH 7. 4~7. 6条件下培养时,病毒滴度最高,HCP残留量较低,为最适培养工艺。结论初步建立了基于篮式生物反应器的脊髓灰质炎病毒高效制备工艺。

关键词： 生物反应器   蚯蚓粪   硫化氢   生物降解宏观动力学  

摘要： 为探究蚯蚓粪能有效处理硫化氢气体,以污泥基蚯蚓粪为填料,采用卧式生物反应器去除H_2S气体,考察蚯蚓粪对H_2S的去除效果,研究气体停留时间和容积负荷对H_2S去除率的影响及生物降解宏观动力学.结果表明:蚯蚓粪为载体卧式生物反应器在启动运行6 d后,H_2S去除率可接近100%.当气体停留时间76～106 s,进气浓度100～500 mg/m^3,H_2S容积负荷高达400. 6 g/(m^3·d)时,H_2S去除效率稳定在90%以上;蚯蚓粪吸附降解H_2S的最大表观去除速率(Vm)和表观半饱和常数(Ks)分别为1 428. 6 g/(m^3·d)、417. 1 mg/m^3.通过分析可知,卧式蚯蚓粪生物反应器能高效处理H_2S气体,且具有较强的抗负荷冲击能力.

关键词： 动物乳腺生物反应器   重组DNA技术   天然药物   药方   医药产业   基因工程药物   活性成分   中草药  

摘要： 人吃五谷杂粮,难免会生病,因此我们的生活离不开医药产业。纵观人类药物发展的历史,经历了三个不同的发展阶段。最初是天然药物,主要是利用中草药或提取中草药中的活性成分加工成中成药,用于疾病的治疗和预防。在这方面,我国中草药为世界医药的发展做出了巨大贡献,拥有绝对的发言权。随着西方科技的发展,化学药物渐成主流,药物合成逐渐兴起,与第一代药物相比,其活性更高、更有效。现在我们广泛使用的各类抗生素大部分属于这一类药物。20世纪70年代重组DNA技术的飞速发展,诞生了基因工程药物。由于基因药物的高产值、高效率、高收益,给制药产业带来了一场革命,推动了整个医药产业的发展。

关键词： Limiting flux   Stabilized flux   Organic fouling   Calcium and phosphate scaling   MBR effluent purification  

摘要： Treatment combining membrane bioreactors (MBR) and nanofiltration (NF) is becoming an emerging wastewater treatment strategy. The combined process is capable of producing high quality water potentially reusable;however, diverse compositions of MBR effluents induce several types and degrees of NF membrane fouling that impacts process productivity. Moreover, since MBR effluent composition for one type of wastewater source is variable depending on the MBR efficiency at different periods, downstream NF membrane fouling types and degrees may consequently change over time. In that context, the present paper aims at developing effective fouling control strategies of NF membrane in the case of the filtration of MBR effluents taken from a MBR system installed in a French hospital. These effluents were filtrated under various transmembrane pressures, and stable fluxes during these filtrations were determined. Several types and degrees of fouling mechanisms were then identified through surface morphology observation and the analysis of chemical compositions of fouled membranes. The diverse flux behaviour was further associated with the fouling mechanisms and foulant compositions. Based on the study of these mechanisms, the quantitative link between stable fluxes and calcium phosphate concentrations in MBR effluents has been established. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 猪场废水   厌氧膜生物反应器   污泥比产甲烷活性   膜污染和清洗  

摘要： 本研究以实际猪场废水为原料,在中温(37±1)℃条件下利用浸没式平板膜生物反应器进行180d连续厌氧发酵试验,以水力停留时间5,3和2d的梯度变化逐渐增加容积负荷,研究反应器运行性能,污泥比产甲烷活性,膜过滤特性和膜的清洗效果.试验结果表明,随水力停留时间的缩短,反应器的容积产沼气率分别达到0.68,1.03和1.12L/(L·d),稳定运行期间出水的总挥发性脂肪酸分别为(169±41) mg/L,(15±3) mg/L和(114±45) mg/L,以乙酸为主.反应器中厌氧污泥的乙酸比产甲烷活性测试表明,以2000mg/L的乙酸为基质,HRT 3d时具有最大比产甲烷活性1.127g-COD/(g-VSS·d).本试验发生膜污染的周期约4个月.采用2%的柠檬酸浸泡3h,可以恢复膜的过滤性能.在较低通量下,反应器中7～32g/L的污泥浓度并不会明显的影响平板膜的过滤性能.本研究结果显示,厌氧膜生物反应器有处理猪场废水的可能性.

关键词： 蓝莓   间歇浸没   组培苗  

摘要： 以蓝莓第3代组培苗为试材,采用对培养液体积、摇摆角度、接种密度3因素3水平L9(34)正交实验和对摇摆频率、浸没时间二因素完全随机试验方法,研究了蓝莓组培苗在新型摆动式间歇浸没生物反应器(S-TIBs)中的高效增殖技术,以期建立蓝莓组培苗在新型生物反应器中增殖培养的技术体系。结果表明:培养液体积每瓶250mL,摇摆角度45°,接种密度每瓶60株为最佳的培养参数,摇摆频率因素最佳为单次6h,浸没时间设定为60s。

关键词： 膜生物反应器   应用   膜污染   防治  

摘要： 近年来,随着废水排放量的飞速增长,膜生物反应器以其出水水质高、用地面积小、易于控制等优点得到迅速的推广。本文综述了膜生物反应器的类型、研究历程、应用以及膜生物反应器的优缺点,着重介绍了膜生物反应器存在的最大问题即膜污染以及膜污染的防治,希望能给膜生物反应器的进一步研究应用提供参考。