课程文献中心 更多>>

关键词： 厌氧旋转膜生物反应器   畜禽养殖废水   膜污染   膜通量  

摘要： 采用厌氧旋转膜生物反应器(AnRMBR)处理畜禽养殖废水(以养猪废水为代表),考察了其除污效果及膜过滤性能。在容积负荷为5. 68 kgCOD/(m^3·d)条件下,AnRMBR系统对养猪废水的COD平均去除率为94. 7%,平均容积产气率为1. 4 m^3/(m^3·d)。当膜通量为25. 0 L/(m^2·h)时,膜过滤阻力可控制在3. 3×10^(12)m^(-1)以下。可见,AnRMBR系统对养猪废水的处理效果较好,且膜过滤性能较优。同时,在AnRMBR系统运行的中后期,污泥浓度上升,颗粒粒径减小,对膜过滤性能造成潜在威胁,这在一定程度上限制了系统膜通量的提高。

关键词： 厌氧氨氧化   砂滤池   启动   菌群结构  

摘要： 采用砂滤池处理低基质(NH_4^+-N,NO_2^--N)浓度污水,考察了接种异养反硝化污泥后砂滤池厌氧氨氧化的启动及运行性能。结果表明,经适应期(1～17 d)、活性迟滞期(18～41 d)、活性提高期(42～103 d)和活性稳定期(104～108d)后可成功启动厌氧氨氧化,活性稳定期NH_4^+-N,NO_2^--N,TN的平均去除率分别为93.6%,97.1%,89.8%。比厌氧氨氧化活性(SAA)和血红素(Heme)含量在活性提高期得到大幅提高。稳定运行期间Candidatus Brocadia相对丰度为1.35%～5.42%,为砂滤池内厌氧氨氧化高效脱氮提供了基础。

关键词： Membrane fouling   Membrane bioreactor   Morphology   Soluble microbial products   Interaction energy  

摘要： Impacts of morphologies of both membrane and foulant on interaction energies related with adhesive fouling in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) were explored by thermodynamic analyses. Interaction energies in three possible interaction scenarios regarding different membrane and foulant morphologies under conditions in this study were quantified according to the thermodynamic methods. It was interestingly found that, strength of total interaction between soluble microbial products (SMPs) and rough membrane was over 20,000 times of that between sludge flocs and rough membrane under same conditions, indicating the extremely higher adhesion ability of SMPs than the large particulate foulants. This result plausibly explained the high fouling propensity of SMPs over sludge flocs. As compared with smooth surfaces, rough surfaces of both membrane and sludge flocs significantly reduced total interaction strength, alleviating adhesive fouling caused by the sludge flocs. Reduce in fractal dimension (D-f) of membrane increased adhesive fouling caused by the SMPs, but alleviated adhesive fouling caused by the sludge flocs. These findings gave important implications to better understand and control membrane fouling in MBRs. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 上流式厌氧污泥床反应器   膜生物反应器   聚醚废水   设计参数  

摘要： 基于聚醚废水的特性,采用上流式厌氧污泥床反应器—膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺对其进行了处理,介绍了MBR管式超滤膜工艺及其主要构筑物和MBR管式膜组件设计参数。工程运行结果表明:效果良好,COD总去除率可达99%以上,出水COD质量浓度为135mg/L,可满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)的二级排放标准。

关键词： 生物反应器   生物制药   应用   现代生物技术   生物制品生产   悬浮培养细胞   生产效率   培养过程  

摘要： 利用生物反应器悬浮培养细胞生产抗体抗原等产物是生物制品的核心技术——结合筛选驯化的高表达细胞株和精细化工艺控制培养过程，从而提高生产效率、产品质量和降低成本，但目前国内生物反应器在大规模应用上仍处于起步阶段，随着现代生物技术发展，利用生物反应器进行生物制品生产是行业发展的必然趋势。

关键词： 沼液浸种   椰土   混合土   盆栽玉米   产量  

摘要： 文章以鲜玉糯四号为试验玉米品种,进行4个浸种水平(清水浸种、50%沼液浸种、75%沼液浸种、100%沼液浸种)和2个基质水平(椰土、混合土)的双因素盆栽试验,以期揭示沼液浸种浓度和栽培基质对盆栽玉米农艺性状和产量的影响规律,为有机生态玉米种植提供一定的理论依据。试验结果表明:沼液浸种能显著增加玉米的茎粗、穗长、百粒重、单穗鲜重以及产量,同时还能降低株高,增加屋顶种植玉米的抗风、抗倒伏能力。椰土栽培玉米在穗长、穗粗、百粒重、行粒数、穗行数、单穗鲜重、产量指标上都优于混合土栽培,增产显著。主要原因可能是在屋顶风大、阳光强烈、作物蒸腾作用强的环境下,椰土的保水性、保肥性比混合土更好,玉米植株不易失水萎焉,更有利于玉米的生长发育,且椰土不易长草,更能充分利用水肥,所以产量更高。综合试验结果得出,以75%沼液浸种与椰土栽培组合玉米产量最高,达1 386.7kg/667m^2。

关键词： Woodchip bioreactors   Denitrification   Multi-objective optimization   Stochastic optimization   Hydraulic performance  

摘要： Woodchip denitrifying bioreactors (WDBs) that target filtration of nitrate from farm drainage water are gaining recognition as a tool for tackling the issue of diffuse nitrate pollution from agricultural landscapes. Whilst the hydraulic regime and concentration of nitrate in the drainage water constitute two fundamental environmental variables that determine the size of a denitrifying bioreactor, the issue of over- or under-treatment of water that might otherwise promote undesirable pollution swapping phenomena and construction costs also need to be factored into the overall design process. Conventional methods for optimizing the design of denitrifying bioreactors generally rely on deterministic models, even though many of the design parameters are not known with confidence. In this work we apply an alternative design philosophy and demonstrate how the bioreactor design process can be improved through application of stochastic methods. The design aspect of an 'in-stream' WDB planned for installation on a farm in New Zealand is structured as a multi-objective performance optimization problem that is solved in a stochastic framework, using freely available open source tools. Uncertainty considerations regarding values of physical parameters that govern bioreactor performance are incorporated into the assessment, from which a Pareto set of optimal designs was obtained. A 75 m long bioreactor of 1.5 m height was selected as the preferred choice from the optimal set of design solutions. Assuming a 10-year operational life, it is predicted the cost of nitrate removal by the planned denitrifying bioreactor will be NZ$9.70/kg-N (*** $6. 60/kg-N).

关键词： 黑臭水体   超微孔软管曝气技术   生物处理技术   原位修复   生物反应器  

摘要： 为了有效的解决黑臭水体所造成的河道污染问题,采用集超微孔软管曝气技术(RSH)和生物处理技术(AOS)于一体的生物反应器对黑臭水体进行净化分析。研究了该生物反应器在不同进水温度、不同进水负荷条件下对黑臭水体的修复能力。实验结果表明:当系统运行稳定后,AOS生物反应器对水体的黑臭消除效果显著,水体透明度由开始的4cm左右提高到30cm左右。不同进水温度、不同进水负荷条件下COD_(cr)、氨氮的浓度也显著降低,去除率均在79.23%和87.51%以上,出水水质指标符合《地表水环境质量标准GB 3838—2002》的V类标准,说明该AOS生物反应器是一种适用于黑臭水体的原位修复技术。

关键词： 膜生物反应器   膜污染   控制   膜清洗  

摘要： 介绍了膜污染的机理及影响因素,从膜结构的选择,如膜材料、膜孔径;优化工艺、优化运行条件,如曝气强度、出水方式以及定期清洗等方面描述减缓膜污染速度,延长膜清洗周期的控制措施,为MBR在废水处理领域的发展提供一定的支持。

关键词： 传感器   一次性   股份公司   Hamilton   上海   瑞士   测量稳定性   生物反应器  

摘要： Hamilton的一次性传感器保持了传统传感器可靠性、测量稳定性的优良传统,并结合易用性,可方使整合到生物反应器上。