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关键词： 原位封场   搬迁治理   生物反应器   原位筛分   层次分析法  

摘要： 本文通过层次分析法(AHP),针对原位封场C_1、搬迁治理C_2、生物反应器修复C_3、原位筛分C_4四种老生活垃圾填埋场治理方案,结合影响治理方案的风险等级B_1、污染控制难度B_2、施工难度B_3、治理周期B_4、工程投资B_5、运行维护B_6六个因素,确定老生活垃圾填埋场优选治理方案为生物反应器修复方案。

关键词： Gut microbiota   Bioreactors   Metabolites   Antibiotics   Chemostat  

摘要： The study of complex microbial communities has become a major research focus as mounting evidence suggests the pivotal role microbial communities play in host health and disease. Microbial communities of the gastrointestinal tract, known as the gut microbiota, have been implicated in aiding the host with vitamin biosynthesis, regulation of host energy metabolism, immune system development, and resistance to pathogen invasion. Conversely, disruptions of the gut microbiota have been linked to host morbidity, including the development of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, increased cardiovascular risk, and increased risk of infectious diseases. However, studying the gut microbiota in humans and animals is challenging, as many microorganisms are fastidious with unique nutritional or environmental requirements that are often not met using conventional culture techniques. Bioreactors provide a unique solution to overcome some of the limitations of conventional culture techniques. Bioreactors have been used to propagate and establish complex microbial communities in vitro by recapitulating the physiological conditions found in the GI tract. These systems further our understanding of microbial physiology and facilitate our understanding of the impact of medications and xenobiotics on microbial communities. Here, we review the versatility and breadth of bioreactor systems that are currently available and how they are being used to study faecal and defined microbial communities. Bioreactors provide a unique opportunity to study complex microbial interactions and perturbations in vitro in a controlled environment without confounding biotic and abiotic variables.

关键词： 复合式膜生物反应器   启动挂膜   生活污水  

摘要： 采用2阶段挂膜方式进行复合式膜生物反应器启动试验,1阶段为生物填料挂膜;2阶段为活性污泥驯化。结果表明,在进水COD为80～200mg/L,氨氮质量浓度为16～30mg/L的条件下,18d左右完成挂膜,30d的COD和氨氮去除率分别稳定在80%和90%以上,出水水质达到GB18918-2002一级A标准。试验过程中还发现,启动时间取决于第1阶段,且挂膜期间氨氮的去除率的提高明显快于COD去除率的提高,表明该启动方式更有利于强化系统的脱氮效果。系统内生物量在挂膜19d后达到893mg/L,当第21d向系统内添加1200mg/L活性污泥后,附着生物量略有减少,最终稳定在700mg/L左右,活性污泥含量有少量增加,最终维持在1500mg/L左右。

关键词： Biohydrogen   Dynamic membrane   Mesh filtration   Volatile fatty acids   Fouling  

摘要： This study investigates the possibility of using dynamic membranes (DMs) as a solid-liquid separation medium for fermentative H-2 production under mesophilic conditions. In particular, the fouling behaviour of DM and H-2 production are studied in response to different influent COD concentrations (10-100 gCOD L-1). The results demonstrate that the influent feed concentration significantly affects the filtration behaviour of DM. In fact, the decrease in influent COD concentration determined an improvement of both DM permeability and solids separation. In addition, high influent COD concentration (above 30 g L-1) and resulting high organic loading rates, favoured the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA), leading to the inhibition of bio-hydrogen production. The results, thus, demonstrated that stable DM filtration and H-2 production can be achieved by operating the bench-scale anaerobic DM bioreactor at low influent COD concentration (10-30 g L-1) and at an HRT of approximately 1 d. However, stable DM was achieved applying rather low filtration fluxes (approximately 2 Lm(-2) h(-1)).

关键词： 复合式MBR   园区型印染综合废水   深度处理  

摘要： 采用复合式MBR工艺对园区型印染综合废水二级生化出水进行深度处理,试验结果表明,当进水COD、色度、浊度分别为110~150 mg/L、80~100倍、30~50 NTU时,相应的出水指标分别为70~80 mg/L、<25倍、<0.5 NTU,满足了提标的要求。复合式MBR膜生物反应器对进水具有较好的稳定处理效果,耐冲击负荷,容积复合高,占地面积小,自动化程度比较高。

关键词： 波浪式生物反应器   分段式变增益PID   仿真实验   四区段变增益PID   pH调节  

摘要： 目的:设计一种快速高效的波浪式生物反应器pH控制方法,缩短pH调节时间,并降低调节过程的系统超调。方法:根据pH调节特性,设计一种分段式变增益PID(proportion-integration-differentiation)控制算法,并通过仿真实验与传统PID控制进行对比,验证算法的有效性。结合波浪式生物反应器细胞培养的实际情况对该算法进行改进,得到四区段变增益PID控制算法,通过实际实验验证改进算法的有效性。结果:仿真实验表明分段式变增益PID控制相较于传统PID控制调节速度快且系统超调小;实际实验表明四区段变增益PID控制能迅速将pH调节到设定范围内,且稳定性好、精确度高。结论:四区段变增益PID控制能够对pH控制起到很好的调节作用,满足波浪式生物反应器细胞培养过程中对pH控制的要求。

关键词： 氧含量   烟气脱硝脱汞   膜污染   微生物  

摘要： 基于嗜热生物法构建膜生物反应器实现烟气中NO和Hg^0高效处理,研究氧含量对嗜热膜生物反应器烟气脱硝脱汞性能及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:氧含量为2%、6%和10%时,NO去除率均稳定在80%,氧含量为17%时氧促进NO降解,NO去除率达91.0%;Hg^0去除率随氧含量的增加而升高,氧含量为17%时,Hg^0去除率可达92.0%。氧含量的增加促进氨氮的降解,且有利于硝化反应的进行。缺氧和厌氧环境有利于减少膜污染,FT-IR结果表明氧含量影响EPS中官能团含量和成分。16S rDNA结果表明氧含量10%中好氧反硝化菌占比重最高。Zobellella、Paracoccus、Bacillus、Alcaligenes、Arthrobacter、Acinetobacter、Pseudomonas均为好氧反硝化菌。

关键词： 无血清培养基   细胞驯化   生物反应器  

摘要： 生物医药是21世纪的朝阳产业,动物细胞无血清培养技术在生物医药领域中发挥着重要作用。无血清培养技术包括无血清培养基的开发、适应细胞株的驯化以及细胞规模化培养技术等关键技术,以细胞生物反应器高密度培养技术作为基础的细胞无血清悬浮培养技术推动了生物制药的快速发展。

关键词： 分置式厌氧膜生物反应器   粉末活性炭   膜污染  

摘要： 主要研究了不同投加量的粉末活性炭(PAC)对分置式厌氧膜生物反应器COD去除效果及膜污染特性的影响。研究结果表明:与0.67 g/L的PAC投加量相比,PAC投加量为1.33 g/L时该厌氧膜生物反应器对COD的去除率并未明显提升,但后者膜污染速率变慢,总阻力、滤饼层阻力、滤饼层阻力所占比例、混合液黏度、Zeta电位的绝对值、溶解性微生物产物(SMP)以及小粒径污泥所占比例均更小,污泥平均粒径更大。在厌氧池水力停留时间(HRT)为32 h,温度为(35±2)℃的情况下,就膜污染控制而言,投加1.33 g/L的PAC比投加0.67 g/L的PAC更有效。