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关键词： 生物反应器   控制系统   嵌入式微控制器   可编程逻辑控制器   工业控制计算机  

摘要： 生物反应器控制系统决定了生物反应的速度和代谢产物的质量,当前生物反应器控制系统在温度、酸碱度、溶解氧浓度等参数的控制上,存在可靠性低、实时性不强等问题,使得微生物无法在最佳的环境下生长,对目的产物的合成也有直接的影响。本文分析了目前主流的几种控制系统的优势和不足,嵌入式控制系统设计比较灵活,能够满足个性化的需求,但运算能力低;可编程逻辑控制系统一般用于工业控制,但功能的局限性比较大;工业控制计算机系统运算能力比较强,但成本相对较高。最后展望了生物反应罐控制系统的发展趋势,提出智能化的控制系统。

关键词： 中国修复重建外科杂志   DOI   公平与公正   撤稿声明   骨组织工程  

摘要： 被撤稿件:王建,王晓,甄平,樊博,用于骨组织工程的体内生物反应器研究进展,中国修复重建外科杂志,2021,35(5):***:10.7507/1002-1892.202012083.该稿件部分观点总结来源于他人论文但未在文中引用,已经应作者要求作出撒稿处理。作者团队对此表示深深歉意,今后将坚决维护学术公平与公正,杜绝此类行为的再次发生。

关键词： Roofing rainwater   Electro-oxidation   Gravity driven membrane bioreactor   Disinfection   Water quality   Stormwater management  

摘要： Clean water scarcity is a pressing global water resource issue that affects a large population. Rainwater utilization carries an enormous potential as an effective option to alleviate water crisis. In our work, a gravity-driven membrane bioreactor (GDMBR) coupled with electro-oxidation (EO) was investigated for long-term roofing rainwater treatment and disinfection over a duration of 265 days. It was found that the disinfection performance of EO was significantly increased with an increased operational current and hydraulic retention time (HRT), and the optimal applied currency density was 2 mA/cm(2) at an HRT of 60 min. The GDMBR-EO process exhibited desired rainwater treatment efficiency at 8 similar to 12 L/(m(2).h) followed by the intermittent EO. Aided by GDMBR rejection, EO could realize complete microbial disinfection (i.e., bacterial and ***) during treatment of both synthetic rainwater and actual roofing rainwater (from a reinforced concrete roof, metal roof, and oil-polluted roof), due to the production of reactive oxygen substances (ROS) (i.e.,center dot OH, H2O2, and O-3, etc.) and reactive chlorine species (RCS) (i.e., Cl-2, HClO, ClO-, center dot Cl, etc.). Removal of organic matter (i.e., ATP, protein, and polysaccharide) was achieved via membrane retention, biodegration and oxidation in the presence of ROS and RCS. GDMBR obtained a stable ammonia removal, attributed to the enrichment of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (i.e., Nitrospira), as confirmed by bacterial community analysis. RCS was responsible for the transformation of nitrogenous substances (i.e., NH3-N, NO- 3-N,NO- 2-N and N-2) during the EO process. TP removal and slight increase of turbidity in the EO unit was caused by FePO4 precipitation, and CaCO3 and Mg(OH)(2) precipitation, respectively, as demonstrated by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Roman spectra analysis.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals   cMBR   Ceramic microfiltration membrane   Post-treatment   Forward osmosis (FO)   Reverse osmosis (RO)  

摘要： Micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds, and personal care products, have become an emerging environmental issue. In general, they are only partially removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and their presence in surface waters may have harmful effects on aquatic organisms and human health. In this study, a pilot-scale ceramic membrane bioreactor (cMBR) was employed as a polishing step in a WWTP to further treat the effluent of the WWTP for 15 months. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 29 micropollutants, the process stability, and the development of activated sludge in the cMBR system were investigated. After about 300 days of operation, the cMBR system established stable operating conditions with suspended solids (SS) concentrations and volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentrations at (0.045 +/- 0.004) g/L and (0.028 +/- 0.005) g/L, respectively. Under these conditions, the cMBR provided stable removal of organic matter and micropollutants. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was (37.4 +/- 3.8)%, and the removal of 29 micropollutants was substance specific and ranged from (-3.6 +/- 5.9)% to (42.4 +/- 3.0)%. Although the sludge concentration developed in the cMBR was much lower than that in the WWTP aeration tank (SS at 2.3 g/L), the activity of sludge in the cMBR for oxygen consumption and micropollutants removal was more than 10 times higher than that in the WWTP aeration tank. Moreover, as a complement to the cMBR system, an osmosis membrane system was investigated that could completely remove the micropollutants (below detection limits) in the cMBR effluent and achieve high water quality.

关键词： Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR)   Municipal wastewater treatment   Limiting factors   Membrane fouling   Energy utilization   Energy production  

摘要： The application of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors (AnMBRs) for municipal wastewater treatment has been made sufficiently sustainable for practical implementations. The potential benefits are significant as AnMBRs effectively remove a broad range of contaminants from wastewater for water reuse, degrade organics in wastewater to yield methane-rich biogas for resultant energy production, and concentrate nutrients for subsequent recovery for fertilizer production. However, there still exist some concerns requiring vigilant considerations to make AnMBRs economically and technically viable. This review paper briefly describes process fundamentals and the basic AnMBR configurations and highlights six major factors which obstruct the way to AnMBRs installations affecting their performance for municipal wastewater treatment: (i) organic strength, (ii) membrane fouling, (iii) salinity build-up, (iv) inhibitory substances, (v) temperature, and (vi) membrane stability. This review also covers the energy utilization and energy potential in AnMBRs aiming energy neutrality or positivity of the systems which entails the requirement to further determine the economics of AnMBRs. The implications and related discussions have also been made on future perspectives of the concurrent challenges being faced in AnMBRs operation. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 膜生物反应器   市政污水处理   膜污染   成本效益  

摘要： 膜生物反应器(MBR)在市政污水处理中受广泛关注,因其占地面积小、出水水质好且运行稳定.当前实践中,MBR技术在去除有机物和氮磷等方面效率高,但处理成本高和膜易污染限制其应用.MBR技术对提高水资源循环利用率和保护水环境意义重大,本文通过实验数据和案例,分析了MBR技术面临的问题以及实际应用效果,并提出优化策略.

关键词： 栀子   愈伤组织   藏红花素   植物生物反应器   诱导剂  

摘要： 为建立栀子愈伤组织的间隙浸没植物生物反应器高通量培养体系,同时探讨诱导剂对栀子愈伤组织中藏红花素合成的影响。以MS+2.0 mg/L 6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)+0.2 mg/L萘乙酸(NAA)+30 g/L蔗糖为增殖培养基,在40 d的培养时期内,栀子愈伤组织在植物生物反应器中生长状况良好,增殖系数呈升高趋势。对不同培养时间(20、30、40 d)和添加诱导剂处理的栀子愈伤组织中的藏红花素含量进行检测,结果表明,随着培养时间的增加,栀子愈伤组织中的藏红花素含量显著提高,在培养40 d时达到了0.206 5 mg/g;添加CuSO_(4)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)促进了栀子愈伤组织中藏红花素的合成,单位质量栀子愈伤中的藏红花素含量显著增加,培养30 d时达到0.372 3 mg/g。

关键词： 厌氧膜生物反应器   垃圾渗滤液   厌氧消化   膜过滤   膜污染  

摘要： 厌氧膜生物反应器(Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor,AnMBR)由于相对传统厌氧工艺有着显著的优势而被认为是垃圾渗滤液处理优先考虑的方法,并已经进行了广泛而深入的研究。本文综述了AnMBR技术在垃圾渗滤液处理的潜力,对实验室规模中各种因素对An MBR生物处理性能和过滤性能的影响进行总结。并且针对当前存在的问题,提出了An MBR处理垃圾渗滤液当前的局限性和未来研究方向,为An MBR处理垃圾渗滤液的应用提供参考。

关键词： Anaerobic membrane bioreactor   Co-occurrence analysis   Hydrogenotrophic methanogen   HRT   Microbial community structure   Principal coordinate analysis  

摘要： Two anaerobic membrane bioreactors(AnMBRs)equipped with different membrane pore size(0.4 or 0.05μm)were operated at 25℃and fed with domestic *** hydraulic retention time(HRT)of the reactors was *** microbial communities of the two AnMBRs were investigated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to see the effects of *** predominant Archaea was an aceticlastic methanogen *** composition of hydrogenotrophic methanogens changed with the HRTs:the population of Methanobacterium was higher for longer HRTs,whereas the population of unclassified Methanoregulaceae was higher for shorter *** Anaerolineae,Bacteroidia and Clostridia bacteria were dominant in both of the reactors,with a combined relative abundance of over 55%.The relative abundance of Anaerolineae was proportional to the biogas production *** change in the population of hydrogenotrophic methanogens or Anaerolineae can be used as an indicator for process *** sum of the relative abundance of Anaerolineae and Clostridia fluctuated slightly with changes in the HRT in both AnMBRs when the reactor was stably *** co-occurrence analysis revealed the relative abundance of the operational taxonomic units belonging to Anaerolineae and Clostridia was functionally equivalent during the treatment of real domestic sewage.A principal coordination analysis revealed that the changes in the microbial community in each reactor were consistent with the change of *** addition,both the HRT and the stability of the process are important factors for maintaining microbial community structures.

关键词： Aquaculture   Denitrification   Fungi   Microbiome   Sulfate reduction  

摘要： Woodchip bioreactors are being successfully applied to remove nitrate from commercial land-based recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) effluents. In order to understand and optimize the overall function of these bioreactors, knowledge on the microbial communities, especially on the microbes with potential for production or mitigation of harmful substances (e.g. hydrogen sulfide;H2S) is needed. In this study, we quantified and characterized bacterial and fungal communities, including potential H2S producers and consumers, using qPCR and high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. We took water samples from bioreactors and their inlet and outlet, and sampled biofilms growing on woodchips and on the outlet of the three full-scale woodchip bioreactors treating effluents of three individual RAS. We found that bioreactors hosted a high biomass of both bacteria and fungi. Although the composition of microbial communities of the inlet varied between the bioreactors, the conditions in the bioreactors selected for the same core microbial taxa. The H2S producing sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were mainly found in the nitrate-limited outlets of the bioreactors, the main groups being deltaproteobacterial Desulfobulbus and Desulfovibrio. The abundance of H2S consuming sulfate oxidizing bacteria (SOB) was 5-10 times higher than that of SRB, and SOB communities were dominated by Arcobacter and other genera from phylum Epsilonbacteraeota, which are also capable of autotrophic denitrification. Indeed, the relative abundance of potential autotrophic denitrifiers of all denitrifier sequences was even 54% in outlet water samples and 56% in the outlet biofilm samples. Altogether, our results show that the highly abundant bacterial and fungal communities in woodchip bioreactors are shaped through the conditions prevailing within the bioreactor, indicating that the bioreactors with similar design and operational settings should provide similar function even when conditions in the preced