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关键词： 陕西皮影   形状文法   纹样   旦角   模糊综合评价法  

摘要： 非遗皮影艺术是中国传统文化的瑰宝，但其因表演和传播形式跟不上现代社会的审美和娱乐需求的发展而濒危。为推动陕西皮影在现代社会中的传承和发展，改变陕西皮影纹样在提取与设计过程中操作单一的问题，文章以陕西皮影人物形象中的旦角角色为研究对象，选取陕西皮影服饰中的典型纹样为初始形状单元，结合形状文法的生成性和衍生性规则，生成新的纹样，并通过色彩提取对纹样进行赋色。文章使用模糊综合评价法对生成的设计方案进行评价，选取了最佳的设计方案应用于文创载体上。通过采用形状文法对皮影纹样进行创新性设计，有效拓宽了皮影设计的维度，为发展陕西非遗皮影提供了新路径。

关键词： Bystander cell   Malignant transformation   Proton radiation   Space radiation   TGF-β1   β-arrestin1  

摘要： Objective To investigate the influence of TGF-β1 on the malignant transformation of bystander cells after proton irradiation simulating space radiation, and its underlying mechanism. Methods Normal human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B were exposed to proton irradiation at 0, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 Gy to simulate space radiation. Supernatants from cell culture media were collected as a conditioned medium (CM) for treating bystander BEAS-2B cells. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect TGF-β1 levels within the CM. The soft agar colony formation assay was performed to assess the rate of malignant transformation of bystander cells. Immunofluorescence and Western blot techniques were utilized to examine the localization of β-arrestin1 in CM-treated bystander cells, with or without the TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor SB525334. The malignant transformation of bystander cells was assessed via soft agar colony formation assay under CM treatment, combined with either a TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor or β-arrestin1 knockdown. Additionally, mRNA and protein levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes (e. g., E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Fibronectin1, and Vimentin) were analyzed through qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results Contrasting with the 0 Gy group, the proton irradiation groups exhibited a dose-dependent increase in TGF-β1 secretion after 24 h (t = 3.38, 8.32, 10.96, P < 0.05), and a corresponding rise in the soft agar colony formation rate of CM-treated bystander cells (t = 5.04, 7.20, 10.78, P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence and Western blot results indicated that with escalating doses, CM-treated bystander cells showed increased β-arrestin1 into nuclei (t = 7.57, 7.51, P < 0.05), being stimulated by TGF-β1 and inhibited by SB525334. The SB525334 application or β-arrestin1 knockdown significantly inhibited the malignant transformation and EMT induced by proton irradiation in bystander cells. This inhibition further reduced the sof