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关键词： 谭延闿   赵恒惕   省宪运动   省议会   民国初年   地方自治  

摘要： 民国初年,一系列乱象让中国的先进知识分子有了另一种思考,既然中央权威已经衰微,北洋军阀政府不能实现国家的长治久安,不如通过地方自治谋求民主宪政和最终统一。袁世凯去世后,当时没有哪个政治人物再有实力和威望一统江山,各省相对独立,为省宪运动提供了良机。这时的省宪运动、联邦主义带有浓厚的中国特色,也深深打上了当时的历史烙印。一、湖南开地方自治风气之先省宪运动首先发生在湖南,与当时的政治格局有直接关系。介于南北军阀之间的湖南历来是兵家必争之地,战争的创伤尤其严重,人民改变现状的愿望尤其强烈。

关键词： 民族区域自治   少数民族   本民族内部事务   团结统一  

摘要： 我国民族区域自治法指出,实行民族区域自治,体现了国家充分尊重和保障各少数民族管理本民族内部事务权利的精神。统一的多民族国家是我国的基本国情,少数民族管理本民族内部事务权利,是统一的多民族国家内部的少数民族对于在民族社会发生的、能够凸显本民族成员之间文化联系和情感认同的内部事务所享有的自主管理权利,具有法律原则和法律权利的双重属性。权利的主体是民族自治地方的聚居少数民族,客体是本民族内部事务,包含自由权和请求权两方面内容。要坚持统一和自治相结合、民族因素和区域因素相结合,通过民族区域自治的规范路径实现对本民族内部事务的管理。要坚持和完善民族区域自治制度,用法律保障民族团结,在权利保障的过程中促进各民族交往交流交融,铸牢中华民族共同体意识。

关键词： 合宪性审查   立法权   立法职责   立法责任  

摘要： 2017年全国人大常委会法制工作委员会备案审查室出台了"十大备案审查案例"^([1]),这是推进合宪性审查的应有之意。但现有的研究多集中于规范性文件的抽象审查,对公权力机关行使公权力行为的审查却往往"选择性遗忘"。从本体论上讲,立法机关所拥有的立法权应该属于国家公共权力,根据霍菲尔德的阐释,"权力"与因违法行使权力所产生的"责任"应是"存在A即存在B"的伴随关系。因此将立法机关行使立法权的立法行为纳入审查对象首先体现了将一切公权力行为纳入合宪性审查的监督理念,是对目前仅有规范性文件抽象审查模式的补足;其次也与实践中地方立法所一直呼吁的"规范性文件制定机关应承担不利法律后果"形成关照^([2])。

关键词： contraception   pharmacists   community pharmacy services   attitudes of health personnel   California  

摘要： Objective: Following a California law expanding pharmacists' scope of practice to include directly providing self-administered hormonal contraception to patients pursuant to a statewide protocol, this study aimed to assess California pharmacists' intentions to provide this new service prior to the protocol development and implementation. Design: Descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study. Setting: California between August and September 2014. Participants: California pharmacists working in community pharmacies. Intervention: Invitations to participate in the online survey were sent to 1774 pharmacists. Main Outcome Measures: Main outcomes included pharmacists' current practices, intentions to prescribe hormonal contraception, comfort performing various activities, knowledge about contraceptive methods, training needs, and barriers to prescribing. Results: A total of 257 responses (14.5% response rate) were received. Of those, 121 respondents met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. About half of the respondents (49.6%) reported working in a community chain pharmacy, 46.3% in an independent pharmacy, and 4.1% in other community pharmacy settings. The majority (72.7%) of pharmacists reported that they would likely provide this new service. Respondents reported being comfortable educating patients on short-acting (94.2%) and long-acting reversible contraception (81.7%), as well as identifying drug interactions with hormonal contraception (96.7%). Respondents indicated time constraints (74.4%), lack of reimbursement (63.6%), and liability concerns (62.0%) as barriers to prescribing hormonal contraception. Conclusions: California pharmacists expressed strong intentions and comfort in prescribing hormonal contraception. Pharmacists' additional training needs and barriers should be addressed for successful implementation. This new service has great potential to increase access to contraception, potentially fostering increased use and adherence.

关键词： 委员会   地方自治   国民党中央组织部  

摘要： 澧县档案局近期着手整理了国民党政府留存下来的《澧县调查笔记》。这是一卷距今已有近90年历史的档案,除少量内容缺损外,总体上还是完整的。随着整理工作的推进,一个特定历史时代的面貌跃然眼前。一、调查的历史背景这次县情调查从1929年3月开始,预定次年1月结束,后因各区报送材料进度不一,延迟到3月,正好历时一年。

关键词： 立法工作   人大   《立法法》   立法权   常委会   国家  

摘要： 十八届四中全会提出:“健全有立法权的人大主导立法工作的体制机制,发挥人大及其常委会在立法工作中的主导作用。”2015年新修订的《立法法》将“人大主导立法”作为新时期国家立法工作的基本要求,强调要加强人大对立法工作的主导作用。

关键词： Asian studies   Environmental management   Public administration   Sustainability  

摘要： How do local governments manage inter-governmental relationships in the context of urban sustainability? In an age of emerging impacts from global climate change and over-exploitation of natural resource, it is important to understand the role of local government in managing sustainability. Yet, sustainability is a complex area characterized as authority fragmentation which creates negative externalities and opportunistic behaviors. To better manage it, local governments rely on integrative actions such as inter-local collaborations and interactive exchange with higher level authorities, thus, embedding local governments in a nexus of inter-governmental relationships. However, gaps remain in our understanding of urban sustainability contexts and how local governments manage inter-governmental relationships to lower collaboration risks, share power, and reduce compliance burdens. Additionally it is important to identify what difference these relationships make for implementing federal grants, delivering services, and collaborative actions under different levels authority. This dissertation fills these gaps by investigating the structure of relationships among local governments in collaborative urban sustainability networks in both China and US and the perceptions of local governments to federal imposed rules and compliance while implementing one-shot federal sustainability program. The research findings suggest that: (1) local governments select collaborative partners strategically, depending upon the nature of collaborative relations, collaboration risks, and multiplexity of collaborations, which make networks demonstrate different configurations; (2) certain actors in the network are more powerful to administer the collaborative relationship due to possessing accesses to valuable resources such as political information, administrative capacity, funding, and innovative information; (3) local governments as grantees perceive rule compliance burden differently based o

关键词： 股东知情权   不正当目的   查阅权   质询权   实质性剥夺  

摘要： 股东知情权是指股东通过查阅、质询等方式了解公司的经营状况等有关信息的权利。从股东的利益立场来看,自然渴望能够更加自由地获得完整、真实的全部信息。但是,不受限制的权利不仅在法理上无所依据,在现代公司法中也不可能被接受。股东知情权也不例外,其行使自由也应当受到不同方面的限制。限制知情权的必要性可从公司法的强制性规范理论和两权分离理论中寻觅。限权是为了更好地规范和促进股东知情权的行使、平衡知情权行使可能存在的利益冲突。在肯定股东知情权限制的必要性之后,有待回答的是该从哪些方面对股东知情权进行限制?这些限制的边界在哪里?由于篇幅所限,本文主要关注有限责任公司股东知情权的行使限制,并结合司法解释与域外法的规定深入思考。除引言和结语外,本文正文分为以下五个部分:首先在第一部分明确股东知情权为固有性、手段性、自益性与共益性兼具的权利,从公司法的强制性结构理论与两权分离理论寻找限权的必要。第二部分讨论了股东知情权行使的主观条件限制,尤其对公司法解释四所列举的“不正当目的”情形,结合实际案例分析讨论其界定的合理性。第三部分主要讨论股东知情权行使的主体条件限制,包括公司原股东是否可以行使知情权、瑕疵出资股东行使知情权问题、以及是否有必要对有限责任公司股东加以持股比例与持股时间限制等特殊问题。第四部分论述行权范围的限制,主要关注查阅权的行使范围限制,以及思考公司章程、股东间协议对知情权的限制。第五部分从行权程序上讨论知情权的行使,如针对查阅权、质询权行使等本应设定的程序性规范。最后,结合各国立法与实践经验所呈现的知情权行权的限制理念,在结语部分得出知情权行使限制该止于何处的答案:即不存在一个恒定的普适性标准,应根据公司的规模、股东身份的开放程度,以动态的、开放的视角看待和设计不同公司类型中股东知情权的限制。

摘要： The European Union is a unique institution, combining both intergovernmental and supranational features. Since its foundation, it has become increasingly integrated, leading to the question of how much alike has it become to a state already? The paper answers the question to what extent the European Union can be compared to a federal state. In order to answer the question, criteria have been developed based on theories of federalism. The criteria will then be applied to the European Union. Additionally, the criteria will be tested on Australia, Argentina and Canada, which are all federal states. This serves the purpose of providing a real-world reference in order to ensure that the European Union is not held to unrealistically high standards imposed on it by the theory. Half of the criteria match equally well to the European Union as to the federal states that have been used as reference. Especially in matters of structure or institutional setup, the Union could meet the criteria. However, in concerns of high sensitivity such as foreign policy, borders and citizenship do still belong to the competences of the European Member States, whereas in federal states, the central government has the authority. The European Union also does not fully meet the criteria related to language, religion and a sense of national identity. Notwithstanding, it should be noted that Argentina, Australia and Canada also not necessarily fulfill all those criteria. The European Union can compare to a federal state in structural and institutional shape as well as in more normative criteria such as national identity to some extent. On the other hand, it lacks key features of a federal state in sensitive matters and high politics. The Union cannot qualify as a federal state, but it cannot be denied that the Union shares some similar key features with a federal state.

关键词： 毛泽东思想  

ISBN: (纸本)9787520348782

摘要： 本书通过分析毛泽东民族区域自治理论形成的历史条件、时代背景、形成过程、主要内容、基本特征、历史作用、理论意义和实践意义，探讨了毛泽东民族区域自治理论对当前我国民族工作的启示。毛泽东民族区域自治理论及其成功实践，也为世界上其他多民族国家民族政策的制定和民族问题的解决提供了宝贵的经验。