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摘要： This thesis explores several different aspects of the conflict at Standing Rock, including extractive politics, indigeneity, violence, and the resulting manifestation of local autonomy, particularly that regarding reconciliation, using a political ecology and human rights analytical framework. The purpose of this research was to contribute to the current understanding of conflicts regarding the extraction industry, including the effect that extractive activities and the resulting violence have on local autonomy. The methodology for this thesis is based on a qualitative approach, and included collecting primary data using semi-structured interviews and observations in the field; and secondary data collection from those actors most closely involved in the conflict and other important actors such as the United Nations. Findings of this research suggest that an important outcome of Standing Rock has been the 'waking up' of a movement working towards Indigenous rights, which has also resulted in a major movement to defund banks that fund the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL). Findings also suggest that the effect that Standing Rock has had goes further than issues directly related to the conflict over DAPL, and reaches into other aspects of the social sphere and personal lives. The conclusion, thus, is that violence was present in several forms, including structural, cultural, and direct, and actions taken resulting from the conflict at Standing Rock have resulted in a few tangible outcomes such as the divestment movement and increased social unity.

关键词： Habitats Directive   species protection   subsidiarity   Endangered Species Act  

摘要： This dissertation examines how eco-knowledge intersects with the changes to EU legal cultures and practices known as eurolegalism. This conjunction has created a mechanism for the extension of EU law in the Member States even in the face of a weakened EU. Through a portfolio of six articles, controversies over the protection of wolves in Sweden are used to illustrate and explicate the changing roles and responsibilities of various actors in protecting species, and the centralization of competence for environmental protection in Europe at the EU level. In doing so, some substantive requirements of the Habitats Directive are also analyzed. The first article maps the movement of competence to determine conservation policy towards the EU level and away from international and Member State actors. The second article examines what the EU requires of its Member States by analyzing the Habitats Directive's key concept, favourable conservation status. It also makes normative arguments for how contested aspects of this concept should be interpreted to best achieve the Directive's conservation goals. The third article deepens this analysis by applying these arguments to the Swedish wolf population. The fourth article is a case commentary illustrating the enforcement of the Habitats Directive through public interest litigation to stop the hunting of Swedish wolves. The fifth argues that the greater availability of public interest standing in the US than in the EU has led to the greater implementation of federal law. The sixth argues that greater availability of public interest litigation in Sweden than previously is also leading to the greater enforcement of "federal" EU law. Each of these articles demonstrates or explains factors that lead to the hollowing out of state power in favor of the EU and interest groups.

关键词： 民主集中制原则   团结统一   维护   七届二中全会   1949年   新中国成立   毛泽东同志   会议总结  

摘要： 1949年3月，新中国成立前夕，在太行山东麓一个叫西柏坡的普通小山村，党的七届二中全会胜利召开。毛泽东同志在会议总结中详细阐述了党委会的工作方法，强调坚持民主集中制是实现党委会领导的重要工作方法。

关键词： 新形势   民族区域自治   民族制度  

摘要： 民族区域自治制度是适合我国国情的处理各民族之间关系的制度。然而随着时代的发展,民族区域自治制度显露出一些亟须解决的问题,这些问题制约着民族区域自治制度在我国的执行力度。本文从建立健全监督机制、完善民族区域自治法律法规、优化经济结构、树立民族区域自治意识等方面提出关于完善民族地区区域自治制度的思考。

关键词： 依法治国   审判权   “三化”   司法   文本   国家权力   立法权   行政权  

摘要： 党的十八届四中全会明确全面推进依法治国的指导思想,从国家权力角度,对立法权、行政权、审判权、检察权等方面作出改革部署;就司法(审判)权方面,围绕"纯化""优化""统化"提出了诸多改革要求和任务。

关键词： 内蒙古自治区   模范   民族区域自治   中国共产党   特殊贡献   统一领导   发源地   乌兰夫  

摘要： 作为我国实施民族区域自治的发源地,内蒙古70年来始终保持了模范自治区的荣誉.这种荣誉既体现在70年跨越崛起的辉煌成就中,也包含在对伟大祖国特殊贡献中.对此,乌兰夫同志曾经深刻地指出：“没有中国共产党,就没有今天这样-个欣欣向荣的内古自治区.”“国家对自治区的统一领导和巨大的人力、物力、财力的帮助,是自治区取得辉煌建设成就的根本保证;

关键词： 内蒙古   民族区域自治   乌兰浩特市   代表会议   达斡尔   各民族   鄂温克   会议通  

摘要： 1947年4月23日至5月3日，来自内蒙古大部分盟旗的汉、蒙、满、回、朝鲜、达斡尔、鄂温克等各民族代表393人在王爷庙（今乌兰浩特市）举行内蒙古人民代表会议（又称“五一”大会）。会议通过决议，成立内蒙古自治政府，选举云泽（乌兰夫）为自治政府主席，哈丰阿为副主席。从此，民族区域自治在全国第一个得以实现。