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关键词： 单一制   含义错误   权力来源   分权及标准   权力统合与分置  

摘要： 认为单一制下国家组成部分的权力不由宪法规定,只能由中央政府授权或委任的观点是错误的;可以从国家权力主体的宪法地位、权力来源、分权等角度来论证。作为宪法学研究内容,单一制与联邦制的区分是没有必要的,对国家及其结构形式的认识并无实际助益,因此应该从宪法学框架体系中将此内容剔除。两制的存在及其分类标准与意义的实质,就是要描述一国境内,国家权力统合与分置的结构与现状,这也是在宪法学中讨论国家结构与形式的意义所在。因此用该术语来代替前两制更有学术意义与实践意蕴。

关键词： 政党制度   社会和谐   党际和谐   功能  

摘要： 构建社会主义和谐社会是我国新时期的重大战略任务。社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性。政党制度是一国政党结构和关系的基本架构,决定着政党活动的方式和作用的发挥。我国政党制度是适应我国国情的具有极大优越性的制度形式,其内在逻辑包涵着和谐社会的要求,必然对社会主义和谐社会建设产生巨大的推动和保障作用。充分开发和发挥我国政党制度的资源优势,对于促进社会主义和谐社会建设有着巨大的现实意义和深远影响。

关键词： 国家   社会   政党   政党功能  

摘要： 依据"国家-社会"研究范式的相关方法,将政党功能的形成和发展置放于国家与社会沟通和互动的大背景下,可以系统地考察政党功能形成和发展的整个逻辑过程。政党功能就是政党组织基于自身的特有属性,为实现组织自身的生存和发展,在不断适应和改造特定的外在环境的过程中而发挥的作用和影响。借助国家、政党、社会三者互动和博弈的理想模型,可以从政党与社会的关系、政党与国家的关系以及政党自身三个方面来分析政党功能的具体构成及其产生过程。随着政党、国家和社会三者之间力量对比和博弈状态的变化,政党先后经历了精英型政党(权贵型政党)、群众型政党(革命型政党)、全方位型政党和卡特尔型政党四个发展阶段。从总体上看,政党与社会的关系不断疏远,当代政党的基本功能面临不断"异化"和"衰落"的现实。

关键词： 军事机关立法权   宪法基础   文本   制度  

摘要： 我国军事机关立法权系指中央军事委员会制定军事法规的权力及中央军事委员会各总部、军兵种和军区制定军事规章的权力。我国宪法文本未直接规定军事机关立法权,并不能说明此权力违宪,现行宪法文本中存在军事机关享有立法权的规范基础与法理逻辑。而且,军事机关享有立法权为中国特色立法体制客观组成的事实应该是法律治理功能于我国宪法秩序作用下的良性补充与自我整型,是我国立法制度必要的形态选择和现实拓展。

关键词： 民族区域自治   研究   豫海县  

ISBN: (纸本)9787227055587

摘要： 本书详细地讲述了豫海县回民自治政府成立的始末，以及对革命战争时期党在局部执政地区民族区域自治的探索，乃至对革命胜利后确定用民族区域自治制度解决中国的民族问题，都具有实践萌芽的意义，是党最初尝试运用民族区域自治解决中国民族问题的珍贵结晶。

关键词： Animal cruelty   Animal law   Christian inquisition   Criminal law   Division of powers   Fundamentalism   Law enforcement   Method of production   Policing   SPCA   Zealot  

摘要： In recent European animal welfare statutes, human actions injurious to animals are new "offences" articulated as an injury to societal norms in addition to property damage. A crime is foremost a violation of a community moral standard. Violating a societal norm puts society out of balance and justice is served when that balance is returned. Criminal law normally requires the presence of mens rea, or evil intent, a particular state of mind;however, dereliction of duties towards animals (or children) is usually described as being of varying levels of negligence but, rarely can be so egregious that it constitutes criminal societal injury. In instrumental justice, the "public goods" delivered by criminal law are commonly classified as retribution, incapacitation and general deterrence. Prevention is a small, if present, outcome of criminal justice. Quazi-criminal law intends to establish certain expected (moral) standards of human behavior where by statute, the obligations of one party to another are clearly articulated as strict liability. Although largely moral in nature, this class of laws focuses on achieving compliance, thereby resulting in prevention. For example, protecting the environment from degradation is a benefit to society;punishing non-compliance, as is the application of criminal law, will not prevent the injury. This paper will provide evidence that the integrated meat complex of Canada and the USA is not in a good position to make changes to implement a credible farm animal protection system. © 2013 by the authors;licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

摘要： Socio-economic challenges of large scale oil and gas development, especially oil sands, within municipal boundaries are not given adequate attention in Alberta's oil and gas development regulatory framework. There is no forum in the framework that allows a thorough consideration and proactive resolution, by responsible governments, of socio-economic challenges of large scale energy development prior to, or at the time of, project approvals. The jurisdiction of municipal authorities to regulate such development is highly circumscribed. None of the recently adopted initiatives by the province seems to have closed this gap in the regulatory framework. The gap exists because Alberta's oil and gas regulatory framework adopts the unitary model of governance. Given the critical role of public infrastructure and services in energy resource development, the thesis recommends a reform of Alberta's legislative and regulatory framework for energy development using federalism and its underlying principle of non-centralization. The thesis recommends a suite of non-centralized intergovernmental mechanisms which can conveniently fit into the regulatory framework and anchored in the energy legislative scheme. Using legally-mandated intergovernmental partnerships, Alberta can proactively obviate severe growth pressures, crippling demands on public infrastructure and services, lower quality of life for workers in the host areas, difficulty in attracting and retaining a workforce, and greater risk to energy resource development and huge private investment. A weather-proof regulatory framework with built-in, federal fail-safe mechanisms that enable energy development projects while preserving the wellbeing of host communities is sine qua non to achieve Alberta's ambitious global energy leadership goals.

关键词： 立法规划   全国人民代表大会常务委员会   全国人大常委会   1954年   国家建设   闭会期间   立法权   法律  

摘要： 全国人民代表大会成立于1954年9月。1954年宪法规定，全国人民代表大会是行使国家立法权的唯一机关。当时国家建设和国家工作急需制定法律，而全国人民代表大会一年举行一次会议，需要由全国人民代表大会常务委员会在全国人民代表大会闭会期间适时地制定一些单行法规，鉴此，1955年7月，全国人民代表大会通过决议，授权全国人民代表大会常务委员会在全国人民代表大会闭会期间制定部分性质的法律，

关键词： 法律性质   “决定”   重大事项决定权   人事任免权   种属关系   常委会   立法权   监督权  

摘要： 决定权是各级人大及其常委会的一项重要职权，相较于立法权、监督权和人事任免权，决定权的内涵更为丰富。表现为，决定的对象多层面、决定的性质多属性、决定的形式多种类。这里需要说明的是，一些人长期把重大事项决定权和决定权等同起来，严格说来，其实这种认识是不全面的。在逻辑上，二者是种属关系。基于此，笔者拟对人大的“决定”及其法律性质谈一点粗浅的看法，以求教于大家。