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摘要： 党的十九大报告指出，要全面贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人根本任务，发展素质教育，推进教育公平。在此背景下，如何在初中物理教学中融入劳动教育，培养学生的劳动意识和创新精神，成为教师关注的重点。本文以“浮力”为例，探讨在物理课程教学中融入劳动教育的实践路径。教师通过创设与生活和劳动实践相关的教学情境，引导学生在劳动实践中感受物理知识的应用价值，提高学生的学习兴趣和实践能力。

摘要： Climate and human activity are closely linked. Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions impact climate dynamics and air quality, affecting millions globally. Effective GHG monitoring is essential for informed policy decisions, yet it is complex due to spatial and temporal variability of sources and sinks, and atmospheric transport. Monitoring networks address this variability by deploying sensors across diverse geographic locations sampling continuously over time. Urban areas are key emission points, driving climate change. However, monitoring direct GHG changes over >5 km2 with varied sources and vegetated areas lacks a standard method. Eddy Covariance (EC) offers direct, continuous GHG net flux monitoring. Wavelet-based EC operates on the same principles as the standard method but calculates covariance using frequency decomposed time series. This approach does not require stationarity, leaving more data available for analysis, particularly beneficial in complex urban environments where non-stationary fluxes are common. Disentangling anthropogenic and biogenic components of a net CO2 flux is recognised as a key issue yet to be resolved in urbanised areas. Conventional ecosystem models used to partition gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) are not appropriate for urbanised areas. Direct partitioning using high-frequency correlations between tracer gases may help overcoming the limitations of standard partitioning methods. While Eddy Covariance remains standard for local studies, estimating larger-scale surface fluxes often involves assimilating background concentration measurements to prior estimations using transport models. The progress in satellite imagery and detailed inventories provides a new basis that helps improve these methods. However, inversion methods using tower flux data are still sparse and would be interesting to test in urbanised areas. The objective of this PhD was to evaluate wavelet-based EC combined with Bayesian inversion m

摘要： Sound propagating through the atmosphere is affected by atmospheric turbulence. Turbulence causes audible fluctuations of the sound amplitude and the randomization of the acoustic phase, which results in coherence loss between multiple sound propagation paths. While the former effect is especially critical for human sound perception, the later degrades results from measurement techniques, such as microphone array measurements of aircraft flyover, which use phase differences to localize and characterize noise sources at aircraft. Both effects must be recreated in auralization of long-range sound propagation from outdoor sound sources, such as aircraft, if a high degree of plausibility is required. Highly plausible auralizations can be a powerful tool for supporting the development of low-noise technologies and communicating noise abatement measures to the public or policymakers through virtual environments. Previous approaches to consider atmospheric turbulence in auralization were based on unphysical models or used outdated theoretical descriptions of sound propagation in atmospheric turbulence. New theoretical models exist, but have only recently been applied in auralization of outdoor sound propagation. However, the model for amplitude fluctuations is not valid for large propagation distances and strong turbulence, which is often the case for aircraft noise measurements and relevant exposure situations. Only a small number of field measurement campaigns exist that systematically study sound propagation in the turbulent atmosphere. This thesis presents methods for considering coherence loss and amplitude fluctuations in auralization based on recent physics-based models by Ostashev and Wilson. These models describe sound propagation statistically, using the geometrical acoustics approximation and the parabolic wave equation. Turbulence is described by von Karman turbulence spectra parameterized with Monin-Obukhov and mixed-layer similarity theory. The models are use

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关键词： 新高考数学   函数与导数   SOLO分类理论   综合难度模型   比较研究  

摘要： 高考改革正如火如荼地进行,2020年新高考I卷与新高考II卷的出现标志着高考改革进入了新阶段.函数与导数是高中数学知识的重要组成部分也是高考数学试题的重要内容.为探寻2020年起函数与导数模块试题在新高考中的考察情况,补充当前关于高考试题的理论研究,本文根据《普通高中数学课程标准(2017年版)》关于知识主题的分类,SOLO分类理论与武小鹏团队改进后的综合难度模型,采用文献分析法,对比分析法等研究方法对自2020年至2022年全部33套高考试卷中174道函数与导数试题进行分析与比较. 本文对试题各题型的题量,函数与导数知识点在试题中的呈现次数,SOLO分类理论中各层次试题数量,综合难度下各维度各水平中的情况进行统计与比较. 经过研究发现,在新高考试卷中函数与导数试题常见3道客观题组合2道解答题的编排方式,“导数的概念与运算”是最常见的一级知识点,“导数的运算”是最常见的二级知识点,多点结构层次是函数与导数试题最常见的知识点关联层次,以无背景试题为主,含参试题与不含参试题数量相当,对运算能力的要求逐年提高,对推理能力的要求有所下降,试题普遍包含三个及以上知识点,利用顺向思维即可解决大多数试题,对认知水平的要求保持稳定,综合难度稳中有升.进一步通过横向比较相同年份中的不同试卷发现各类型试卷的特色,纵向比较同类型试卷在不同年份的考察情况发现各试卷考察的变化趋势. 围绕上述研究结果提出对函数与导数教与学的建议.建议教学重视概念教学,知识关联,提高学生的运算能力,有针对性地传授学生解题方法,改善作业结构;建议学生学习时注重总结归纳,有意识地发展运算能力,理性看待新高考试卷难度.

摘要： 一、教材分析“磁场对通电导线的作用力”是人教版高中物理选择性必修第二册第一章第一节的内容，它承接了电磁感应相关知识点，也为后续洛伦兹力相关知识的学习打下基础。教材在设计上主要以实验为引，通过把一段导体棒悬挂在蹄形磁铁的两极间，再通上电流，来唤醒学生对相关知识点的印象，同时引入若干引导性问题，结合实例来帮助学生了解左手法则的来源。教学的核心应放在安培力、电流、磁感应强度之间的方向关系讲解，以求让学生在了解左手法则的同时了解其本质，达到知其所以然的目的。