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关键词： 国内外   骑楼建筑   研究概述   对比分析  

摘要： 骑楼及其相关廊式建筑作为一种独特的建筑载体,不仅以其功能性著称,更蕴含着丰富的历史文化信息与社会经济价值.随着近代城市建设的发展,骑楼逐渐成为城市风貌的重要组成部分,深刻影响着城市空间的形态与文脉.国内外对于骑楼及其相关廊式建筑的研究已十分充分和透彻,但在两者之间的区别与联系方面仍存在一定的研究空间.通过系统梳理国内外关于骑楼与廊式建筑的研究文献与成果,深入探讨并分析骑楼研究的现状、进展与不足,旨在为骑楼建筑的保护、更新与现代应用提供新的理论视角与实践参考.

关键词： 对抗样本生成   跟踪器攻击   多谱段   对抗补丁   目标跟踪  

摘要： 当前面向跟踪器的对抗样本生成研究主要集中于可见光谱段，无法在多谱段条件下实现对跟踪器的有效攻击。为了填补这一空缺，该文提出一种基于多谱段的目标跟踪补丁式对抗样本生成网络，有效提升了对抗样本在多谱段条件下的攻击有效性。具体来说，该网络包含对抗纹理生成模块与对抗形状优化策略，对可见光谱段下跟踪器对目标纹理的理解进行语义干扰，并显著破坏对热显著目标相关特征的提取。此外，根据不同跟踪器的特点设计误回归损失和掩膜干扰损失对多谱段跟踪模型补丁式对抗样本生成提供指引，实现跟踪预测框扩大或者脱离目标的效果，引入最大特征差异损失削弱特征空间中模版帧和搜索帧间的相关性，进而实现对跟踪器的有效攻击。定性和定量实验证明该文对抗样本可以有效提升多谱段环境下对跟踪器的攻击成功率。

关键词： 滑坡易发性   权重   数据驱动模型   决策树   环境因子   随机森林  

摘要： 准确的滑坡易发性图有益于管理部门开展土地利用规划和防灾减灾工作，目前已经成为了中国滑坡风险评估与管控的重点研究领域。本研究旨在对比分析不同数据驱动模型在区域滑坡易发性评估中的表现，以黄河中游流域为研究区，通过详细的野外调查结合遥感图像视觉解释，获得了包括684个历史滑坡点的数据库。选取了14个评价因子，利用Pearson相关系数分析了这些因素之间的相关性，应用C5.0决策树算法确定了各因素的重要性。选取了3种典型的数据驱动模型（加权信息量（WIV），支持向量机（SVM）和随机森林（RF））进行了区域滑坡易发性评价，并通过受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）及其曲线下面积AUC值来验证模型的性能。结果表明，距道路的距离、距河流的距离以及坡度是该地区滑坡发生最重要的贡献因素。大多数历史滑坡都发生在滑坡易发性图中的中等和高易发区内。SVM和RF模型获得的高/极高易发区内的滑坡点均超过总滑坡点的70%。RF模型表现最好，高易发性区占全区面积的21.9%，滑坡数量占全部历史滑坡点的90.5%。AUC精度的比较表明，RF模型的准确性高于其他两种模型：RF的AUC为0.904，而WIV和SVM的AUC分别为0.845和0.847。

关键词： Influencing factors   Protective effect   Respiratory protective equipment   Trichloroethylene   Workplace protection factor  

摘要： To understand the current status of the actual protective effect of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) for workers exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE), and to explore the factors affecting the actual protective effect. From July to December 2023, a total of 75 workers occupationally exposed to TCE from 21 hardware and electronics manufacturing facilities in a province were selected as research objects by convenient sampling method. Workplace protection factor (WPF) was used as an index to evaluate the actual protective effect of workers' RPE. The concentration of TCE inside and outside the RPE was detected to calculate WPE, and the temperature, humidity and wind speed near the working place were measured, as well as the forced vital capacity, respiratory rate, heart rate and other indicators of the worker were measured. The log-transformed WPF value (lgWPF) followed a normal distribution. One-sample -test was used to compare the difference between the mean lgWPF and the log value of the assigned protection factor (APF) of the half mask (lgAPF=1). Multiple linear regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors of lgWPF. The lgWPF of 75 TCE-exposed workers ranged from 0.40 to 1.32 (0.84±0.22). The mean of lgWPF was lower than that of lgAPF, and the difference was statistically significant (=-6.37, <0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of multiple linear regression showed that humidity, forced vital capacity and respiratory rate were negatively correlated with lgWPF (=-0.008, -0.079, -0.021, <0.05) . The actual protective efficacy of RPE among workers exposed to TCE is suboptimal. High humidity, elevated forced vital capacity, and increased respiratory rate may be contributing factors to the diminished protective performance of RPE.

关键词： Influencing factors   Noise, occupational   Personal attenuation rating   Personal protective equipment  

摘要： To analyze the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among noise-exposed workers and its influencing factors, providing reference information for noise intervention efforts. In September 2023, a stratified sampling method was employed. Based on the 2022 gross domestic product (GDP) rankings of cities in Guangdong Province, 21 prefecture-level cities were divided into economically developed and less developed groups. Two cities were randomly selected from each group, and 16 to 17 enterprises were randomly chosen from each city as study sites. Twenty workers were included from each enterprise as study subjects. A total of 1200 questionnaires were distributed and collected, and 1099 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 91.6%. The correctness of hearing protector usage was evaluated according to the GB/T 23466-2009 "Guidelines for the Selection of Hearing Protectors", and the personal attenuation rating values of the workers' hearing protectors were measured. A self-designed Questionnaire on the Use of Hearing Protectors by Noise-Exposed Workers was used to investigate PPE-related usage. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing the correct use of PPE. A total of 429 (39.0%) noise-exposed workers were able to use PPE correctly during work. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, working hours, gender, occupational noise protection knowledge score, whether PPE was checked after use, and the frequency of peer supervision on PPE usage were significant factors influencing the effective use of PPE (<0.05) . The correct use of PPE by noise-exposed workers still needs to be improved. The level of occupational health education in enterprises should be enhanced to promote the correct use of PPE by noise-exposed workers.

摘要： 2024 年 12 月 10 日,农业农村部新闻办公室举行新闻发布会,介绍全国农业种质资源普查情况,并回答记者提问.农业农村部渔业渔政管理局局长刘新中回答了记者关于水产养殖种质资源普查相关问题.