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关键词： Correct wearing rate   Dust   Dust masks   Influencing factors   Personal protective equipment   Use  

摘要： To observe the current status of the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by the dust working population, and to analyze the factors affecting its use, so as to provide a reference basis for proposing scientific intervention methods. From October to December 2023, random sampling method was used to conduct a self-designed Questionnaire on the Use of Personal Protective Equipment by the Dust Working Population. A total of 1216 dust workers were randomly selected from each city in Guangdong Province, and their mask wearing status was evaluated. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison between measurement data sets, and the Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method was used for counting data. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the use of PPE in dust workers. The correct rate of wearing PPE in dust working group was 66.12% (804/1216). In univariate analysis, there were statistical significances in different knowledge score, wearing PPE to reduce exposure to dust particles, wearing occupational health protective equipment such as masks was uncomfortable, wearing occupational health protective equipment such as masks reduced work efficiency, attending pre-employment occupational health examination, attending occupational health examination on a regular basis, receiving occupational health training during work in the enterprise, being urged or reminded by workmates, supervisors, or family members to use PPE, the correct use of PPE when workers or shift leaders were exposed to dust particles, second-hand smoke inhalation, smoking, and alcohol consumption (<0.05). Multiple logistic regression results showed that gender (=2.00, 95%: 1.48-2.72), knowledge score (=1.18, 95% : 1.11-1.26), neutral attitude towards the discomfort of wearing occupational health protective equipment such as masks during work (=1.64, 95%: 1.18-2.27), and participation in pre-job occupational health examination (=0.23, 95%: 0.10-0.54

关键词： 辞职读研   家庭资本   女硕士生   影响因素  

摘要： 通过对13位辞职读研的女硕士深度访谈发现，家庭资本、性别角色、职业发展、自我认知、社会支持、朋辈影响对女性辞职读研有显著影响。性别角色、职业发展构成决策的期望效用，直接影响女性辞职读研；自我认知、朋辈影响、社会支持三大因素构成决策内外部环境，既直接影响女性辞职读研，又通过期望效用间接影响其决策。

关键词： Aged   Nursing Care   Osteoporotic Fracture   Root Cause Analysis   Subsequent Fracture  

摘要： Objective To explore influencing factors of subsequent fracture among elderly osteoporotic patients and provide a basis for improving the management and early intervention after osteoporotic fracture. Methods A total of 14 349 elderly patients with osteoporotic fracture in 594 hospitals across 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) were selected by convenience sampling method from September to December 2023. A general information questionnaire and a clinical characteristics of fracture questionnaire were used. The univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to clarify the influencing factors and gender differences. Results A total of 11 364 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 79.20%. Gender, age, occupation, education, marital status, family history of osteoporosis, comorbid osteoarthropathies/rheumatism/ophthalmopathies, bone mineral density, risk of fall, risk of fracture grade, reasons and site for first fracture, whether to use walking aid and receive home rehabilitation guidance were associated with the occurrence of subsequent fracture. Gender comparisons found that widowhood, family history of osteoporosis, comorbid rheumatism, vertebral fracture, alcohol consumption, fall or no causative factor triggering the fracture, and educational level, home rehabilitation instruction were associated with the risk of subsequent fracture only in women (P<0.05). Smoking was associated with the risk of subsequent fracture only in men (P<0.05). Conclusion Osteoporotic subsequent fracture in the elderly is affected by multidimensional factors, with significant gender differences. The surveillance of key populations should be strengthened in prevention, control and intervention. © 2025 Chinese Nursing Journals Publishing House Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bone Metabolism   Lung Transplantation   Nursing Care   Root Cause Analysis  

摘要： Objective To explore the current status of bone metabolism abnormalities after lung transplantation and its influencing factors, and provide scientific references for the formulation of nursing intervention measures. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 125 patients undergoing lung transplantation at a lung transplant center from June 2021 to August 2023 was conducted. The paired sample t-test was used to compare the trends in bone mineral density (BMD) before and after transplantation. Postoperative BMD was compared to domestic age-matched norms using the single sample t-test. Univariate analysis and unordered multinomial logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with bone metabolism abnormalities post-transplantation. Results The incidence of bone metabolism abnormalities after lung transplantation was 62.4%, with osteopenia and osteoporosis rates at 36.8% and 25.6%, respectively. The BMD of the femoral neck and left hip joint generally showed a declining trend post-transplantation (P<0.001). Additionally, both male and female patients had lower BMD than the age-matched national norms (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that pre-transplant Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score was a significant factor for post-transplant osteopenia (OR 0.957, 95%CI 0.928~0.987). Female gender, pre-transplant low body weight, obesity, reduced forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity percentage (FEV1/FVC), and ADL score were significant factors for post-transplant osteoporosis, with OR values of 7.181, 7.521, 15.465, 0.960, 0.964;95%CI were 1.287~40.061, 2.039~27.738, 1.158~206.586, 0.937~0.983, 0.930~0.999, respectively. Conclusion Bone metabolism abnormalities are common in patients post-lung transplantation. Healthcare providers should pay particular attention to female patients, those with low pre-transplant body weight, obesity, reduced FEV1/FVC, and lower ADL scores. Timely, individualized, and multi

关键词： Influencing factors   Inpatient service utilization   Patients   Pneumoconiosis  

摘要： To investigate the utilization of inpatient service and influencing factors among pneumoconiosis patients in Chongqing within one year, and to provide a reference basis for the formulation of relevant policies by health management departments. From October 2020 to October 2023, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was adopted to select 2002 patients with confirmed pneumoconiosis as the research subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted on their basic information, inpatient service utilization within one year, treatment for pneumoconiosis-related symptoms, and choice of medical service institutions. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. All 2002 pneumoconiosis patients were male, with 40.16% (804/2002) aged 46-55 years old, and 83.32% (1668/2002) currently residing in rural areas. The monthly income of the patients was 833 (167, 2000) yuan, and 22.03% (441/2002) had no income. 30.97% (620/2002) of the patients spent more than 5001 yuan per year on treatment for pneumoconiosis, and 14.64% (293/2002) had debts of more than 5001 yuan. 42.06% (842/2002) had no work-related injury insurance. 21.68% (434/2002) of the patients self-assessed their health status as very poor or poor. The one-year inpatient rate of the patients was 51.25% (1026/2002), and the total inpatient time within one year was 18 (10, 51) days. The inpatient expenses were 6000 (1000, 16625) yuan. Through univariate analysis, the one-year inpatient rates of pneumoconiosis patients were statistically significantly different among different age groups, current employment status, annual household income levels, types of pneumoconiosis, stages of pneumoconiosis, presence or absence of work-related injury insurance, whether receiving minimum living allowances and social assistance related to pneumoconiosis, and different segments of self-assessed health status (<0.05). Patients with stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis, those who received social assistance and minimum liv

关键词： 肾移植   尿路感染   支原体   细菌   危险因素  

摘要： 目的:分析肾移植术后长期患者尿路感染的临床特点、支原体和细菌的分布以及危险因素。方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究方法，选取上海市静安区闸北中心医院2023年1月1日到2024年7月31日疑似尿路感染的402例肾移植后1年以上患者为研究对象，采用专用培养基对尿液进行支原体和细菌培养鉴定，分为细菌感染组（67例）、支原体感染组（56例）和非尿路感染组（288例），对感染组按照移植后时间进行分组，并检测感染时的肾功能主要指标和尿微量白蛋白（U-mALB），收集其临床相关资料，采用单因素比较法和多因素Logistic回归法分析引起尿液支原体和细菌感染的危险因素。结果:402肾移植术后患者中，支原体阳性56例，阳性率为13.9%，其中脲原体46例，阳性率为11.4%;细菌阳性67例，阳性率为16.7%，排名前三的细菌是：大肠埃希菌（27例，6.7%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（10例，2.5%）和粪肠球菌（10例，2.5%）。支原体感染率在移植后1~<5年为26.8%（11/41），5~<10年为15.8%（18/114）），10~<20年为11.6%（22/190），20年及以上为8.8%（5/57），不同时间段之间的差异具有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示，性别（χ 2=8.21， P=0.004）、年龄（χ 2=3.96， P=0.001）、移植后时间（χ 2=2.83， P=0.005）和U-mALB水平（χ 2=3.06， P=0.002）是术后支原体感染的危险因素（ P<0.05）;性别（χ 2=9.41， P=0.003）、合并糖尿病（χ 2=4.42， P=0.035）、尿素氮（ Z=2.68， P=0.007）、肌酐（ Z=2.81， P=0.005）、胱抑素C（ Z=3.87， P=0.001）、估算肾小球滤过率（ Z=3.83， P=0.001）和U-mALB水平（ Z=3.33， P=0.001）与细菌感染发生有关（ P<0.05）。多因素分析结果显示患者女性（ OR=2.81， 95%CI 1.49~5.31， P=0.001）和年龄减小（ OR=0.95， 95%CI 0.92~0.98， P=0.001）是引起支原体感染的独立危险因素（ P<0.05）;女性（ OR=2.98， 95%CI 1.58~5.64， P=0.001）和合并糖尿病（ OR=2.06， 95%CI 1.12~3.76， P=0.019）是引起细菌感染的独立危险因素。 结论:肾移植术后长期患者尿路感染以脲原体和革兰阴性菌为主，其中移植后1~<5年时间段支原体的感染率最高。女性和年龄减小是支原体感染的危险因素，女性和合并糖尿病是细菌感染的危险因素。

关键词： 三支决策   粒计算   语言模糊集   文献计量分析  

摘要： 相较于传统三支决策,广义语言模糊环境下的三支决策在处理复杂问题不确定性和模糊性方面表现优异.针对广义语言模糊环境下的三支决策进行系统性综述.首先,总结三支决策和语言模糊集的基本理论模型;其次,探讨最新的发展趋势和应用;然后,通过文献分析,对现有的研究方法进行梳理,尽管这些方法在智能决策领域取得显著成果,但仍存在一些亟待解决的问题,为进一步研究和优化提供一定空间;最后,提出对未来研究的展望,并对广义语言模糊环境下三支决策研究进行总结.