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关键词： 中国   进出口商品结构   中美贸易   条件  

摘要： 中美贸易往来不断频繁和密切,但是由于受到人民币和美元汇率以及不断跟随社会而发生变化的中国进出口商品结构,也在一定程度上影响了中美的贸易条件,本文就是在此基础上,简要探讨和分析中国进出口商品结构变化及其对中美贸易条件的影响.

关键词： 北方游牧民族   朝代   重商主义   文官制度   宋朝   封建王朝   封建社会   城市建设   幸福感   军事上   中国   政治   遮盖   选择   宋代   人民   临安   历史   经济   皇权  

摘要： 如果给你一个机会穿越回古代，你会选择哪个朝代？选汉唐的人可能更多--那是封建王朝最为强盛的朝代。相比之下，宋代在各方面尤其是军事上，颇为“孱弱”：它不敌北方游牧民族，都城从汴梁迁往临安，最终仍为北方的游牧民族所灭。纵使有这种先入为主的成见，也无法遮盖宋朝在政治、经济、社会、城市建设上的耀眼光芒--在两千多年的中国封建社会历史上，宋朝是离“现代”最近的一个朝代：重商主义的产生、对皇权的限制、高度发达的文官制度和幸福感超高的一亿人民。

关键词： Foreign exchange   International trade   Market share   Renminbi -- Economic aspects   Solar cells   Wind turbines  

摘要： The author discusses the classification of China as a currency manipulator in 2016. He states that China has the largest export subsidies of the world that distorts international trade in many industries, which include solar cells, wind turbines and steel. He mentions that China has kept strategically the renminbi (RMB) lower compared to market forces would dictate to gain global market share in manufacturing.

关键词： MERCANTILE system   HISTORY   ECONOMIC policy   RHUBARB   TOBACCO growing   AGRICULTURAL productivity   NAVIGATION acts, 1649-1696   18TH century   SCOTLAND  

摘要： At the end of the Enlightenment, Scottish landowners and agricultural improvers pioneered a series of experiments in import substitution, including large-scale trials in tobacco and rhubarb cultivation. They rejected the notion of empire as a natural division of labor between colonies and metropole. Through information networks and voluntary associations, they promoted a host of projects that upset the conventional order of the expanding fiscal military state and its interest groups. These schemes of import substitution undercut both colonial and foreign trade in favor of an economic strategy of national autarky and civil cameralism within the British Isles.

关键词： 非关税措施   价格效应   数量效应   实证方法  

摘要： 随着全球贸易增速的放缓和关税水平的降低，应对非关税措施已成为贸易自由化的重要议题。由于隐蔽性和复杂性等特性，非关税措施的分类不尽相同且其影响难以直接量化，这使其极易成为贸易保护主义的工具。非关税措施的量化方法主要包括比率指标法、价格比较法、贸易流量法和一般均衡法。比率指标法是其他方法的计量分析基础，能衡量国家和产业层面的非关税措施的影响；价格比较法能直观地展示非关税措施对价格的影响；贸易流量法大多以引力模型来研究非关税措施对贸易流量的影响；一般均衡模型可以模拟非关税措施对生产和消费的影响。数据是非关税措施量化研究的基础，众多国际机构最新的公开数据库可以满足国内研究者的基本需求。

摘要： This study utilizes a panel data of 69 developing and developed countries to analyze the impacts of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) on the innovation outcomes of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. The panel analysis is assisted with detailed observations on successful cases that have achieved impressive innovation outcomes over the years, in order to provide a more comprehensive discussion on the issue. The TRIPS Agreement has been promoted as the key to stimulating innovations in the developing countries. However, there have been disputes on TRIPS around a number of issues, including the inequality between developed and developing countries, as well as a mismatch between the strict regulations of TRIPS and the need of developing countries to have a flexible intellectual property right (IPR) environment. Results from this study suggest that IPRs are not a significant factor on innovation outcomes in the ICT sector for the developing countries. Combined with experience from successful cases, evidence suggests that developing countries should be empowered to tailor IPRs according to their specific needs.

关键词： 重商主义   经济影响   正确运用  

摘要： 重商主义产生于十六世纪中叶,盛行于十七至十八世纪中叶。对当时的经济具有一定的推动作用,但是随着自由贸易的盛行,重商主义越来越不受欢迎。本文谈论重商主义的局限性,然后分析对其我国经济的影响,最后再研究我国当前的经济怎样正确的运用重商主义。

关键词： 进出口贸易  

ISBN: (纸本)9787514152821

摘要： 本书主要包括：价格贸易条件相关研究文献综述、价格贸易条件理论演进、价格贸易条件冲击效应的数理模型等。