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关键词： 非关税措施   农产品出口   三元边际   “一带一路”  

摘要： 随着多边谈判削减全球关税,各国普遍增加非关税措施使用频次。利用CEPII BACI数据库中HS92六位数商品贸易数据,测算1995～2015年我国与20个"一带一路"沿线国家四类农产品出口三元边际,结合"措施-产品"层面分析非关税措施对我国农产品出口三元边际影响。研究发现,我国不同时期农产品出口增长动力源自不同边际;计量结果表明,措施发起国对我国使用非关税措施显著降低我国农产品出口扩展边际,对数量边际和价格边际无显著影响;措施发起国对所有国家统一实施非关税措施显著提升我国农产品出口数量边际,对扩展边际和价格边际无显著影响。研究揭示我国农产品出口增长动力,为我国应对非关税措施提供参考。

关键词： 中央政治局委员   回溯   国务院副总理   知识产权保护   中美经贸   非关税措施   贸易代表   技术转让  

摘要： 4月3日至5日,中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理、中美全面经济对话中方牵头人刘鹤与美国贸易代表莱特希泽、财政部长姆努钦在华盛顿共同主持第九轮中美经贸高级别磋商.双方讨论了技术转让、知识产权保护、非关税措施、服务业、农业、贸易平衡、实施机制等协议文本,取得新的进展.

关键词： 201/232關稅   防衛措施   爭端解決  

摘要： 本文探讨美国201案太阳能产品及232案钢品等措施对重要贸易夥伴之影响，以及各主要台湾之因应对策。分析结果显示，在美国加徵关税措施下，主要贸易夥伴多已受到影响。主要受影响台湾已透过政府途径与美展开对话或谈判，而对业者来说，或许分散市场为立即可采取之因应措施，然如何维系产业於全球供应链中之地位仍有待深思。

关键词： 亨利七世   外国货币   立法   都铎王朝  

摘要： 英王亨利七世在"重商主义"思想的指导下,加强管制外国货币。针对伪造和变造外国货币、货币不足值和金银外流等行为,亨利七世参考英国以往的立法,先后颁布了多部法令,起到了显著的效果,不仅恢复和发展了都铎王朝的经济,也为都铎王朝的繁荣打下了良好基础。

关键词： 清华大学经济管理学院   WTO   灾难   美国   自我调节能力   国内市场   公平贸易   贸易条件  

摘要： 一国要成为全球化的引领者必须具备三个条件:第一个条件是国内市场足够巨大,使得该国能用自己的市场与他国协商,让其他国家加入开放,加入公平贸易。第二是该国有全球最领先的产业,产业能够产生巨大的贸易条件和利润。第三是这一国家要有一定的国内自我调节能力,让反对全球化的本国经济相关的利益者能够得到补偿。

关键词： 一带一路   重商主义   出口信用保险  

摘要： "一带一路"的视域中,出口信用保险发挥功能的场域发生了重要的变化。"一带一路"是出口信用保险面临的"新常态",除了继续发挥在既存的国际贸易中鼓励出口,为出口企业提供保险保障的功能以外,出口信用保险必须反应和迎合"一带一路"整体运行的步伐。"一带一路"和出口信用保险具有共同的功能主义导向,即突破经济自由痼疾的"重商主义"经济政策选择和体现。出口信用保险承保的风险划归成两类:基于国域差别而产生的政治风险;基于出口国的法律、经贸、文化等差异而产生的风险。出口信用保险的经营经历了政策性主导阶段、政商共存阶段以及政策性职能强化阶段。"一带一路"的出口信用风险因包括恐怖主义风险和国际局势风险。建议以"一带一路"整体经济带作为出口信用保险产品的目标市场范围,突破地理区域和政治区域的界限。将"一带一路"所涉及的出口信用风险类型化。

关键词： Belt and Road   regional economic integration   institutional public good   development orientation  

摘要： Asia has a special significance in China’s neighborhood ***,the Belt and Road Initiative faces the countries of Asia or China’s neighbors in the first *** is clearly marked by an imbalance in and“absence”of regional economic ***“absence”is two-fold:it is expressed on the one hand as a lack of unified institutional arrangements for regional economic integration,and on the other as the inability of underdeveloped countries in the region to truly participate in regional economic integration and thereby gain opportunities for *** with the rule-oriented nature of existing regional economic integration mechanisms,the Belt and Road Initiative,as a new type of regional cooperation mechanism,displays an orientation towards *** existing regional economic integration arrangements,regardless of their form,establish specific rules on access thresholds,the rights and duties of member countries,schedules and roadmaps,dispute resolution mechanisms and so *** is not the case for the Belt and Road,which is not predicated on specific rules,but establishes its overall framework by orienting itself towards ***,the development orientation of the Belt and Road is helpful not only in overcoming the inherent defects of Asian regional economic integration,but in responding to the new challenge of *** is an institutional public good that China offers to Asia and to the world.

关键词： 农业生产效率   税收制度   重商主义   自由贸易主义  

摘要： 工业革命后的英国和近代美国在经济发展过程中存在着很多相似的地方,无论在对于初期资本积累和劳动力解放的相当重要的农业上来看,还是在对于国家财政收入重要来源之一的税收的课税权和税制上来看都存在一定的相似性。从经济发展过程中经历的重商主义时期的贸易保护也好,到经济高度发展后推行的自由贸易政策也好,也存在明显的相似。这两个在不同时代的获得世界霸权的强国在经济上,不光只是看作历史的相似性,而是存在更多内在的联系。

关键词： Law   economics   trade   ASEAN   non-tariff measures  

摘要： While various treaties and agreements have substantially reduced tariff rates on most traded goods, international trade is still burdened by restrictive laws and regulations. As a result, policymakers have shifted their focus to these non-tariff measures which have the potential to adversely affect trade flows. One such example is the Association of Southeast Asian Nations' (ASEAN) efforts to harmonize and reduce non-tariff measures, as well as eliminate non-tariff barriers, all of which are embodied in both treaty and soft law commitments. Nevertheless, these measures have persisted, and even increased, in ASEAN during the past decades. This thesis aims to shed light on the persistence of non-tariff measures in ASEAN. It begins with an analysis of the issues on compliance with, and effectiveness of, the region's international law instruments relating to non-tariff measures. The persistence of non-tariff measures may be due to the trade regime's inability to provide the Member States with sufficient incentives to comply with their obligations. Not only did the vaguely worded instruments fail to identify the focal points for cooperative behavior, but they also granted the Member States a wide scope of discretion with respect to the fulfillment of their commitments. In addition, the weaknesses in the region's trade regime and enforcement mechanisms undermined the effectiveness of other compliance mechanisms. As this persistence issue concerns the actions of States, it is also necessary to consider their underlying motivations. It is noteworthy that the persistence of non-tariff measures coincided with significant structural changes in the region's economies. This begs the question of whether structural changes may explain the Member States' demand and preferences for non-tariff measures. This thesis shows how these structural changes may have influenced the preferences of different actors in the Member States for non-tariff measures. For some Member States, their risi

关键词： 中国政治经济学   经济学模式   工业革命   18世纪   经济规律   资本主义   经济学说   重商主义  

摘要： 何谓中国政治经济学?政治经济学是18世纪欧洲工业革命的产物。此前盛行的重商主义经济学说对资本主义经济规律做了初步探索,但尚未形成严密的理论体系。直到第一次工业革命的经济后果初显威力,才出现亚当·斯密以劳动分工与市场竞争为基本框架的理论体系,使经济学成为现代社会科学。