课程文献中心 更多>>

关键词： 移植   人细小病毒B19   检验   血清学   分子生物学  

摘要： 器官移植是治疗终末期器官衰竭的重要的方法，但术后感染和排斥反应是影响患者生存率的主要因素。近年来，移植术后的人细小病毒B19（B19V）感染案例呈上升趋势。B19V是一种无包膜病毒，主要通过上呼吸道途径感染，并对骨髓中的红细胞祖细胞表现出明显的亲嗜性，导致红细胞的裂解和血液学异常。B19V病毒血症之后，可能会进一步感染其他细胞，引发炎症反应和组织损伤。在器官移植患者中，B19V感染可能导致慢性贫血，进而影响移植的成功率和患者的生存率。因此，对移植后B19V感染的诊断及监控具有极其重要的意义。由于移植患者接受免疫抑制治疗，传统的血清学检测方法，如IgM和IgG抗体检测，在移植患者中往往不够可靠。相比之下，分子生物学检测，特别是实时荧光定量PCR技术，提供了更为精确的诊断途径。然而，B19V的三种基因型在核酸水平上存在多样性，这可能造成某些基因型的漏检。因此，对移植后B19V感染的检测，需要联合使用不同检测技术，以提高B19V感染诊断的准确性，同时需要进一步探索更精确的诊断方法，以加强移植后B19V感染患者的早期发现和有效管理，从而提高患者的生存率和生活质量。

关键词： climate change   continental species   ecological niche modeling   habitat loss   Island species   species conservation   Trigonobalanus   气候变化   大陆物种   生态位模型   栖息地丧失   岛屿物种   物种保护   三棱栎属  

摘要： Climate change is widely recognized as a major threat to biodiversity and a critical factor contributing to the decline in species and populations. However, it remains uncertain whether species from continental and island environments, especially endangered ones, will respond similarly or differently to climate change. The strategies employed by these species to cope with climate change, and the corresponding conservation management approaches, remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed ecological niche models to project future shifts in the distribution patterns of two endangered sister species, Trigonobalanus doichangensis and T. vericillata , which are distributed across continental and island regions of tropical Asia. We analyzed potential changes in their distribution under four different climate change scenarios for the 2050s and 2070s. Our results indicate that temperature is a significant driver for the continental species T. doichangensis , whereas precipitation predominantly influences the island species T. vericillata . Moreover, we found that the potential future distribution range of the continental species T. doichangensis is likely to exceed that of the island species T. vericillata , suggesting that the continental species T. doichangensis may have a stronger capacity for adapting to climate change. We recommend that conservation areas be established to maintain habitat stability in regions most affected by climate change. A comprehensive assessment of the endangered status of both species is also essential. Overall, this study underscores the distinct responses of island and continental species to climate change, thereby enhancing our understanding of their adaptive strategies and informing targeted conservation efforts. 全球气候变化加剧了生物多样性危机, 也阻碍了物种的发展和居群恢复。然而, 目前仍不清楚大陆物种和岛屿物种, 特别是濒危物种, 对气候变化的响应是否相同。更重要的是, 我们对这些物种应对气候变化的策略以及相应的保护管理方法仍然知之甚少。本研究采用生态位模型预测了分布于热带亚洲的大陆物种三棱栎 ( Trigonobalanus doichangensis ) 和岛屿物种轮叶三棱栎 ( T. vericillata ) 的未来分布模式, 重点分析

关键词： 乙型肝炎病毒   慢性感染   聚乙二醇干扰素   临床治愈   转归  

摘要： 目的 分析基于聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b(pegylated interferon-α-2b,PEG-IFN-α-2b)的治疗方案获得临床治愈的慢性乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染者的临床特征和相关转归因素.方法 本研究为回顾性研究,纳入2020年8月—2023年11月山西医科大学附属运城市中心医院接受PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗的慢性HBV感染者,初治患者单用PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗,核苷(酸)类似物[nucleoside(acid)analogs,NAs]经治患者在原治疗基础上加用使用PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗,研究终点为乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)转阴伴HBV DNA低于检测下限(疗程<48周)或疗程达到48周.收集基线和研究终点患者一般资料、病毒学指标、血常规、肝功能,采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验进行组间比较,采用单因素和多因素logistic逐步回归模型分析影响临床治愈的因素.结果 纳入61例慢性HBV感染者,男性39例,女性22例,年龄(39.13±7.53)岁,初治21例,NAs经治40例,基线HBV DNA阳性19例,基线HBsAg为211.30(50.93,2 110.00)IU/mL.研究终点时,34例患者实现临床治愈,PEG-IFN-α-2b中位疗程为25.50周,27例患者未实现临床治愈,疗程均为48周.临床治愈组基线HBsAg水平低于非临床治愈组[78.66(19.54,204.60)IU/mL比2 078.00(442.20,4 237.00)IU/mL,P<0.001].研究终点时,白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板、红细胞、血红蛋白水平均低于基线(P<0.05),丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶水平均高于基线(P<0.05),但无论基线还是研究终点,2组在血常规、肝功能检查的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).基线HBsAg水平是PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗的实现临床治愈的预后因素(OR=0.998;95%CI:0.998～0.999).治疗过程中患者未发生严重不良事件.结论 基于PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗方案安全性良好,在基线HBsAg低水平的慢性HBV感染者中可获得较高的临床治愈率.

关键词： 糖尿病肾病   Hippo-YAP/TAZ信号通路   间质纤维化   细胞凋亡  

摘要： Hippo-YAP/TAZ信号通路最初在果蝇中被发现,是一条在进化和功能上高度保守的信号通路,在调节细胞生长、分化、增殖和凋亡的过程中发挥着重要作用.研究证实,Hip-po-YAP/TAZ 通路参与了多种肾脏疾病的病理进程.糖尿病肾病(DKD)是糖尿病最为严重的微血管并发症之一,可涉及肾小管间质纤维化、系膜细胞增生与基质增多、足细胞凋亡与数量减少等多种病理损伤类型.本文对Hippo-YAP/TAZ通路在DKD病理损伤中的作用进行综述,以期为DKD的治疗提供新的靶点与思路.

关键词： killer   solid   approval  

摘要： Chimeric Antigen Receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy has shown significant success in hematological cancers,leading to the approval of several products and underscoring the potential of immunotherapy in cancer ***,its effectiveness in treating solid tumors remains suboptimal[1].Nearly twenty years ago,natural killer(NK)cell therapy emerged as a potential treatment for *** then,NK cells have demonstrated promising antitumor activity in preclinical and clinical *** notable advantages,such as a stronger safety profile and broader availability,make them particularly appealing for solid tumor ***,NK cell therapy is a highly active area of research,with over 100 clinical studies underway,covering NK cells from various sources,both engineered and non-engineered,as well as their use in combination therapies with other ***,we highlight its advantages over T cell therapy in the treatment of solid tumors,and summarize the current challenges,potential solutions,and future directions of NK cell therapy development.

关键词： NK cell therapy   Virus   CAR-NK cell therapy   Optimization strategies  

摘要： Viral infections persist as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Conventional therapeutic approaches often fall short in fully eliminating viral infections, primarily due to the emergence of drug resistance. Natural killer (NK) cells, one of the important members of the innate immune system, possess potent immunosurveillance and cytotoxic functions, thereby playing a crucial role in the host's defense against viral infections. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cell therapy has been developed to redirect the cytotoxic function of NK cells specifically towards virus-infected cells, further enhancing their cytotoxic efficacy. In this manuscript, we review the role of NK cells in antiviral infections and explore the mechanisms by which viruses evade immune detection. Subsequently, we focus on the optimization strategies for CAR-NK cell therapy to address existing limitations. Furthermore, we discuss significant advancements in CAR-NK cell therapy targeting viral infections, including those caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, human cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. (c) 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： 低病毒血症   维持病毒学应答   乙型肝炎病毒RNA   核苷(酸)类似物   乙型肝炎e抗原  

摘要： 目的 探讨核苷(酸)类似物(nucleoside/nucleotide analogues,NAs)治疗后乙型肝炎e抗原(hepatitis B e antigen,HBeAg)阳性慢性乙型肝炎低病毒血症(low-level viremia,LLV)患者的血清乙型肝炎病毒RNA(hepatitis B virus RNA,HBV RNA)水平及其在NAs干预后的变化.方法 采用巢式病例对照研究,根据LLV病例数 1∶1匹配抗病毒治疗后达到维持病毒学应答(maintained virological response,MVR)患者.共纳入 62 例LLV及 62 例MVR患者.根据患者治疗意愿将LLV患者分为NAs维持治疗组及更改方案组,收集其临床资料并进行随访.通过实时荧光恒温扩增检测技术(simultaneous amplification and testing,SAT)对血清HBV RNA进行定量检测.结果 与MVR组患者相比,LLV组在基线、随访24 周及48 周时血清HBV RNA水平均较高(P均<0.001).随访期间LLV患者血清HBV RNA水平较基线有所下降,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).LLV患者在维持治疗组和更改方案组随访至 24、48 周时血清HBV RNA变化幅度仅在更改方案组的 48 时有所下降,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 与MVR组相比,LLV患者血清HBV RNA水平更高且下降缓慢,调整NAs治疗后HBV RNA水平较维持方案组下降并不明显,提示需要联合其它干预措施以进一步降低HBV转录活性.