摘要:
Spintronic devices, supplementing and surpassing charge-based electronics by in- cluding the electron spin, have recently begun to reach the market. Information carriers such as electrons (in field-effect transistors) and photons (in optical fibers) have already reached the terahertz range (THz, 10 12 Hz). To make the electron spin compatible and competitive, spintronic operations need to be pushed to THz frequencies. So far, is is unclear whether fundamental spintronic effects such as spin accumulation or spin-orbit torque can be transferred to THz frequencies. In this respect, it is also important to note that the THz range coincides with many fundamental excitations, for instance phonons, magnons, and the relaxation of electronic currents. Strong THz electromagnetic pulses can be used to study such fundamental excitations, making use of both the electric and magnetic fields of the electromagnetic pulse. In this thesis, strong THz electromagnetic pulses are applied to spintronic thin- film stacks to drive charge and spin currents, apply torque and manipulate magnetic order. A short optical probe pulse or a resistance probe interrogate the transient magnetic response. First, a measurement strategy is developed to simultaneously detect all components of the vector magnetization of thin film magnets in optical transmission probe experiments at normal incidence, requiring only a variation in the initial probe polarization. To this end, the magnetic circular and linear birefringence (MCB, MLB) effects are measured simultaneously and a calibration strategy for the often neglected MLB effect is presented. Second, using this detection scheme, we study the THz frequency operation of spintronic effects in ferromagnetic(FM)/non-magnetic (NM) heavy metal stacks. We find signatures of THz spin accumulation at the FM/NM interface. The spins injected into a ferromagnet relax within ∼ 100 fs, in line with electron-spin equilibration times measured by ultrafast optically induced d