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关键词： 岩石破裂类型   微震监测   深度学习   机器学习   声谱图  

摘要： 岩石破裂类型识别是实现煤矿冲击地压灾害预测和预警的重要前提。微震是岩石破裂监测的有效手段之一,但常规的微震信号机器学习方法存在特征提取能力有限,以及受噪声影响导致的准确率不高且泛化性较差等问题。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于微震信号深度特征学习的岩石破裂类型识别方法。首先,通过巴西圆盘劈裂试验和直剪试验分别获取张拉型破裂微震信号和剪切型破裂微震信号,并将其时频谱图、Log-Mel频谱图和梅尔频率倒谱系数合并构造微震信号聚合(MSA)声谱图;然后,通过加入多特征并行密集连接块(MP-DenseBlock)和压缩与激发过渡层(SE-TransLayer)的改进DenseNet(SE-MPDenseNet)对MSA声谱图进行深度特征提取;最后,将提取的特征向量输入至添加Hinge Loss损失函数的改进LightGBM(HBL-LightGBM)进行分类,识别岩石破裂类型。通过真三轴加载试验模拟接近地下工程实际环境中的冲击地压灾害,结果表明,所提方法对于岩石破裂类型识别的准确率达92.12%,且具有较强的特征提取能力和泛化能力。

关键词： 含钛渣   LTA沸石   钙离子交换   CO_(2)捕集   吸附机理  

摘要： LTA沸石因其优异的孔隙结构和较高的CO_(2)吸附选择性,被认为是极具潜力的CO_(2)捕获材料。该文提出了一种以工业固废含钛渣为原料的绿色可持续合成策略,先制备Na-LTA沸石母体,再通过常规液相离子交换法(LPIE)调控钙负载量,制备出x Ca-LTA沸石系列,以提升其CO_(2)吸附性能;然后通过动态吸附法对样品的吸附性能进行评价。实验结果表明:x Ca-LTA沸石不仅显著提高了CO_(2)的捕集能力,还在CO_(2)/N_(2)和CO_(2)/CH_(4)分离过程中表现出优异的选择性,尤其是0.05Ca-LTA样品的吸附性能最为突出;在25℃、10~5 Pa条件下,0.05Ca-LTA的CO_(2)吸附速率为Na-LTA的4.95倍,最大吸附容量达到4.02 mmol/g。动力学分析结果表明:0.05Ca-LTA对CO_(2)的吸附行为符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附过程由物理吸附和化学吸附协同主导,这种协同作用不仅加快了吸附速率,还提高了吸附效率;经过5次吸附/脱附循环后,0.05Ca-LTA仍保持高效稳定的吸附性能,展现了优异的循环再生能力。该研究遵循“以废治废”的环保理念,不仅为固废的高值化利用提供了新路径,也为CO_(2)捕集与环境污染治理的协同优化提供了重要的理论参考和应用潜力。

关键词： Chlorinated hydrocarbon   Greenhouse gas   In situ chemical oxidation(ISCO)   Life cycle assessment  

摘要： 【Objective】The environmental footprint assessment of in-situ chemical oxidation remediation technology (ISCO) for polluted sites has important scientific research value and practical significance for promoting green and sustainable remediation. However, its application in chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated sites has not received much attention. 【Method】 This study employed the ISCO method to remediate a chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated site. The remediation of polluted sites using ISCO is divided into four stages: material consumption, transportation process, remediation process, and sampling testing. SiteWise^TM tool was used to conduct an environmental footprint assessment. 【Result】The results showed that using ISCO technology to remediate 73 800 cubic meters of polluted aquifers resulted in 1 261 tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, total energy consumption of 16 876 GJ, 4 096 kg of SOx emissions, 2 678 kg of NOx emissions, and 912 kg of particulate matter 10(PM10) emissions. The environmental footprint mainly came from the use of materials such as sodium persulfate and sodium hydroxide, and the consumption of construction electricity caused higher atmospheric pollutant emissions. The Monte Carlo analysis results indicated that the coefficient of variation of greenhouse gas emissions was less than 10%. Also, the sources of uncertainty in this study mainly included redundant designs from ISCO, as well as significant differences in mechanical efficiency and emission factors between different countries. 【Conclusion】The SiteWise^TM tool has reference value for the environmental footprint assessment of ISCO remediation projects in polluted sites in China and future researchers should update it locally by considering machinery types and efficiencies, emission factors, and units of measurement. These considerations will improve applicability to the environmental footprint assessment of polluted sites in China. © 2025 Science Press. All right

关键词： 智能灌溉系统   园林景观   水资源管理   物联网   精准灌溉  

摘要： 随着全球气候变化和水资源短缺问题的日益严峻,园林景观中的水资源管理面临着前所未有的挑战。传统的灌溉方式存在水资源浪费、效率低下的问题,难以满足现代园林景观对高效、精准灌溉的需求。智能灌溉系统通过整合物联网、传感技术、数据分析等技术,能够实现对园林景观水资源的精准控制和实时监控。本研究基于智能灌溉系统在园林景观中的应用,分析了其在水资源管理中的优势和应用效果,并提出了实现智能灌溉系统高效运行的技术方案。结果 表明,智能灌溉系统不仅能够显著提高灌溉效率,降低水资源的浪费,还能够有效提升园林景观的健康水平和美观性,具有广泛的应用前景。

关键词： 区域经济   区域协调发展   空间均衡   国家水网  

摘要： 文章从区域经济的视角辨析了水资源“空间均衡”概念,分析了当前南北经济发展新的态势。围绕解决南北方之间开始凸显的不均衡发展问题,要通过加快破解北方地区水资源要素制约,来释放其他优势要素的发展机会和潜能,促使南北方充分发挥各自的比较优势,实现南北之间各类资源和经济要素的优势互补,为构建全国统一大市场和形成畅通的国内大循环提供支撑。基于上述分析,提出加强水资源与经济社会协调发展的顶层规划设计、加快探索建立北方地区水资源战略储备体系、将水资源战略储备支付责任纳入中央事权、推动水利基础设施提档升级等政策建议。

关键词： 焦化废水   水解酸化   中试研究   升流式水解酸化污泥膨胀床  

摘要： 采用三级升流式水解酸化污泥膨胀床+A^(2)O中试装置处理焦化废水,研究升流式水解酸化污泥膨胀床对污染物的去除率及抑制来水污染物浓度波动的效果,并对比研究了中试全流程生化系统与现有系统对焦化废水的处理效果和系统各反应器中微生物的分布。中试结果显示,系统稳定运行后,三级升流式水解酸化污泥膨胀床平均COD去除率为57.72%,最高为66.67%,出水COD波动量为进水COD波动量的29.85%,中试全流程生化系统平均COD去除率为91.38%,最大COD去除率为95.73%,平均氨氮去除率为97.20%。特征污染物分析显示,系统稳定运行后,氰化物和硫化物平均去除率分别为81.53%和92.07%。微生物高通测序显示中试装置中具有更丰富的微生物群落,尤其在富集去除特定污染物的微生物方面优势明显。三级升流式水解酸化污泥膨胀床+A^(2)O中试工艺流程在更短停留时间内取得了更优的处理效果,为焦化废水处理提供了新的工艺方向。

关键词： 岩溶裂隙   水害防治   水资源利用  

摘要： 岩溶裂隙型矿区特有的地质构造与水文条件,导致水害频发与水资源浪费并存。通过构建立体防控体系与水资源循环利用网络,既能有效防治突水事故,又能实现矿区水资源的可持续管理。本文系统分析岩溶裂隙发育特征与水害成因,创新性地提出多技术协同的防治策略与水资源综合利用方案,为矿区安全生产与生态保护提供系统性解决方案。

关键词： Digital soil mapping   Environmental factors   Frequent itemsets   Machine learning   Parent material  

摘要： 【Objective】For the rational use of land resources, it is important to obtain accurate spatial distribution of soil types using digital soil mapping technologies.【Method】In this study, environmental factors were screened according to the soil parent material type based on field sampling points, and then three different mapping methods, random forest, SoLIM, and KNN, were used to map the zones according to the selected environmental factors, respectively. Each method was used individually to generate zoning maps, providing different reasoning for the spatial distribution of soil types. The zoning mapping results were obtained and combined to form a universal spatial distribution map of soil types, and then, we used the FP-Growth algorithm to effectively mine the internal correlation between environmental factors. By combining these associations with different mapping results obtained previously, the spatial distribution of soil types in the study area was deduced and used to obtain higher quality and precision inference results. 【Result】The mapping results revealed several key findings: (1) The independent mapping of soil type based on the parent material type of soil by three different mapping methods is more effective and accurate than the joint mapping of all parent materials, and the inference of spatial distribution of soil types is also more reasonable. (2) Among the three mapping methods adopted in this study, the method combining random forest and frequent itemset mapping had the highest accuracy of 70.73%. Moreover, the results obtained by this combined method are similar to the spatial distribution of soil types inferred by the other two combined methods. Through comparative analysis, we were able to determine the approximate spatial distribution of soil species in the study area. (3) After the three mapping methods were combined with frequent itemsets, we observed that all methods had different degrees of improvement in accuracy verification and Kappa coeff

关键词： 人工智能证据   证据种类   鉴定意见   电子数据  

摘要： 人工智能的技术扩散和广泛应用已成为社会发展趋势。在涉人工智能的行政执法和司法活动中,人工智能证据成为认定事实的新兴证据。狭义人工智能证据仅限于人工智能对数据处理后形成的结果或者意见,而广义人工智能证据包括狭义人工智能证据、人工智能自动收集或采集的数据、人工智能系统本身等。界定人工智能证据内涵及其外延时,需要正确处理好其与大数据证据、算法证据、科学证据之间的关系。当下人工智能证据的使用场景,主要包括AI犯罪案件中的人工智能证据、AI执法中的人工智能证据、数字检察中的人工智能证据、智慧司法中的人工智能证据。在立法层面,需要赋予人工智能证据独立的法律地位,将人工智能证据列入法定证据种类中;将人工智能证据的收集获取和审查认定纳入技术性正当程序规制;通过技术和法律来保障人工智能证据的真实性与可靠性。

关键词： 火电厂   循环水系统   水资源高效利用  

摘要： 火电厂循环水系统优化及水资源高效利用是现代火电厂优化改进的重点措施,有利于促进火电厂可持续发展。本文针对火电厂循环水系统优化深入研究,结合某火电厂实际情况,探讨循环水系统运行中存在的问题,提出循环水系统优化以及水资源高效利用措施,实践验证具体措施的应用效果。通过本文研究发现,火电厂循环水系统在应用过程中需要进行优化,才可提升水资源利用效率,本次研究提出水泵改造、凝汽器改造、运行控制方式改进措施,最后验证确定系统耗电量降低、水产量降低,系统应用优势明显。