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摘要： Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare malignancy believed to originate from the serous membranes and it is highly aggressive with 5-year overall survival of 18.4%. Only a small number of DSRCT cases have been documented. Here, we report findings of DSRCT of the kidney on F-18-FDG PET/CT in a 30-year-old woman who presented with repetitive pulmonary infection and spontaneous pneumothorax. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Diabetes classification   Graph convolutional network   Data processing   LSTM   Attention mechanism  

摘要： The classification of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is currently performed based on biochemical indicators and clinical experience. However, considering the unsatisfactory efficiency and accuracy of the experience-based diabetes type classification, we aim to propose a data-driven diabetes classification model through exploiting features contained in flash glucose monitoring (FGM) data. In particular, we propose a novel data reorganization and topologization method to reasonably extract the features of glycemic variability influence. Furthermore, a graph convolutional network is adopted to learn the inter-day influence feature and a Long Short-Term Memory network to characterize intra-day glycemic variability, which enables simultaneous characterization of slow and fast dynamics in FGM data. Finally, to visualize the effectiveness of our model, a t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding method is implemented. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated through a crossvalidation approach using a dataset containing FGM records of 113 diabetic subjects. Compared with classical machine learning algorithms and neural networks, the proposed model achieved the highest specificity value (0.9943) in diabetes type classification, F-Measure (0.8824) and Matthews correlation coefficient score (0.8250). The obtained results indicate the feasibility of achieving diabetes classification by learning the patterns hidden in continuous glucose monitoring data.

关键词： Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma   Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue   Primary CNS lymphoma  

摘要： Marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MZBCLs) are non-Hodgkin lymphomas arising from postgerminal center marginal zone B cells. MZBCLs are subclassified into extranodal, nodal, and splenic MZBCLs. Primary nondural central nervous system (CNS) MZBCLs of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type are among the extranodal examples. Their clinicopathological features are not well characterized. Therefore, the clinicopathological features of 8 primary nondural CNS MZBCLs of the MALT type were assessed to establish their pathological diagnostic criteria. Histologically, all cases of primary nondural CNS MZBCLs of the MALT type showed perivascular expansive monotonous proliferation of small atypical B lymphoid cells with plasma cell differentiation, low Ki-67 labeling index, and minimal invasion from the perivascular space. In addition, no vascular changes such as glomeruloid changes, obliterative fibrointimal proliferation, and intramural lymphocytic infiltration were seen. These key histological characteristics should be considered when diagnosing cases that are suspected to be primary nondural CNS MZBCLs of the MALT type. Additionally, regarding PCR for the detection of immunoglobulin heavy variable gene and T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangements, the former is detected, but the latter is not detected in all cases. Therefore, PCR detection including sequence analysis should be added when diagnosing difficult cases based on the key histological characteristics.

关键词： mast cell disease   hemostasis   erythropoiesis   bleeding   fibrinolysis   heparin  

摘要： Mast cell disease is an epigenetically and genetically determined disease entity with very diverse clinical manifestations in potentially every system and tissue due to inap pro priate release of variable subsets of mast cell mediators together with accumulation of either morphologically normal or altered mast cells. Easy bruising, excessive bleeding, and aberrancies of erythropoiesis can frequently be observed in patients with mast cell disease. A thorough history, including a family history, will guide the appropriate work-up, and laboratory evaluations may provide clues to diagnosis. In recent years, our understanding of the involvement of coagulation and anticoagulant pathways, the fibrinolytic system, and erythropoiesis in the pathophysiology of mast cell disease has increased considerably. This review summarizes current knowledge of the impact of the disturbed hemostatic and erythropoietic balance in patients with mast cell disease and describes options of treatment.

关键词： Vehicle mobility model   Discrete element method   Smoothed particle hydrodynamics   Finite element method   Vehicle dynamics   Terramechanics   Computational mechanics   Soft soil model   Tire   Tracked vehicles  

摘要： The US army along with NATO member and partner nations' militaries need an accurate software tool for predicting ground vehicle mobility (such as speed-made-good and fuel-consumption) on world-wide ter-rains where military vehicles may be required to operate. Currently, the NATO Reference Mobility Model (NRMM) is the only NATO recognized tool for assessing ground vehicle mobility. NRMM was developed from the 1960s to the 1980s and relies on steady-state empirical formulas which may not be accurate for new military ground vehicles. A NATO research task group (RTG-248) was established from 2016 to 2018 to develop the NG-NRMM (next-generation NRMM) software tool requirements and an NG-NRMM pro-totype which uses high-fidelity "simple" or "complex" terramechanics models for the terrain/soil along with modern 3D multibody dynamics software tools for modeling the vehicle. NG-NRMM Complex Terramechanics (CT) models are those that utilize full 3D soil models capable of predicting the 3D soil reaction forces on the vehicle surfaces (including tires, tracks, legs, and under body) and the 3D flow and deformation of the soil including both elastic and plastic deformation under any 3D loading condi-tion. In Part 1 of this paper, an overview of the full spectrum of terramechanics models from the highest fidelity to the lowest fidelity is presented along with a literature review of CT ground vehicle mobility models. (c) 2021 ISTVS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： AP-1   Chromatin remodeling   Human induced pluripotent stem cells   JDP2  

摘要： Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has been widely applied to cell regeneration and disease modeling. However, most mechanism of somatic reprogramming is studied on mouse system, which is not always generic in human. Consequently, the generation of human iPSCs remains inefficient. Here, we map the chromatin accessibility dynamics during the induction of human iPSCs from urine cells. Comparing to the mouse system, we found that the closing of somatic loci is much slower in human. Moreover, a conserved AP-1 motif is highly enriched among the closed loci. The introduction of AP-1 repressor, JDP2, enhances human reprogramming and facilitates the reactivation of pluripotent genes. However, ESRRB, KDM2B and SALL4, several known pluripotent factors promoting mouse somatic reprogramming fail to enhance human iPSC generation. Mechanistically, we reveal that JDP2 promotes the closing of somatic loci enriching AP-1 motifs to enhance human reprogramming. Furthermore, JDP2 can rescue reprogramming deficiency without MYC or KLF4. These results indicate AP-1 activity is a major barrier to prevent chromatin remodeling during somatic cell reprogramming.

摘要： 421

关键词： Vascular smooth muscle cells   Primary cell culture   RVSMCs   Phenotype  

摘要： An efficient and simple method to obtain aortic media for primary culture of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (RVSMCs) is developed. The main steps to obtain aortic media include isolation of rat aortic artery, removal of the fat tissue and branches, separation of longitudinal cutting edge, and peeling off the adventitia. Then, aortic media was used to obtain RVSMCs by our tissue explants method and the enzyme digestion method. The removal efficiency of the intima and adventitia was confirmed by hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Morphology and immunofluorescent staining were used to identify cells and cell purity. RVSMCs at the 3rd and 8th passages were isolated by our tissue explants method;the enzyme digestion method and the traditional tissue explants method were compared respectively. Western blotting and gel contraction assay were used to investigate the phenotype and contraction ability of RVSMCs obtained by the different methods. Compared with the other methods, RVSMCs isolated by our method showed higher purity and demonstrated "contractile" phenotype with retained contraction ability for more passages. And the aortic media obtained showed no visible damage with few endothelial cells and fibroblasts remained. An efficient and simple method was established to obtain rat aortic media for primary culture of RVSMCs with high purity, "contractile" phenotype characteristics, and more stable during subculturing.

关键词： neurodegeneration   ganglion cell   optic nerve   protein   proteomics   mass spectrometry  

摘要： To investigate the retinal proteins associated with primary and secondary retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and explore their molecular pathways, SWATH label-free and target-based mass spectrometry was employed to identify the proteomes in various retinal locations in response to localized optic nerve injury. Unilateral partial optic nerve transection (pONT) was performed on adult Wistar rats and their retinas were harvested 2 weeks later. To confirm the separation of primary and secondary RGC degeneration, immunohistochemistry of RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was performed on retinal whole-mounts. Retinal proteomes in the temporal and nasal quadrants were evaluated with high resolution hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS), and SWATH-based acquisition, and their expression was compared to the corresponding retinal quadrant in contralateral control eyes and further validated by multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS). A total of 3641 proteins (FDR < 1%) were identified using QTOF-MS. The raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD026783. Bioinformatics data analysis showed that there were 37 upregulated and 25 downregulated proteins in the temporal quadrant, whereas 20 and five proteins were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the nasal quadrant, respectively (n = 4, p < 0.05;fold change >= 1.4-fold or <= 0.7). Six proteins were regulated in both the temporal and the nasal quadrants, including CLU, GFAP, GNG5, IRF2BPL, L1CAM, and CPLX1. Linear regression analysis indicated a strong association between the data obtained by means of SWATH-MS and MRM-MS (temporal, R-2 = 0.97;nasal, R-2 = 0.96). Gene ontology analysis revealed statistically significant changes in the biological processes and cellular components of primary RGC degeneration. The majority of the significant changes in structural, signaling, and cell death proteins

关键词： BCL-X-L antagonist   HIV   HIV persistence   HIV reservoir   kick and kill  

摘要： HIV persists, despite immune responses and antiretroviral therapy, in vi -ral reservoirs that seed rebound viremia if therapy is interrupted. Previously, we showed that the BCL-2 protein contributes to HIV persistence by conferring a sur-vival advantage to reservoir-harboring cells. Here, we demonstrate that many of the BCL-2 family members are overexpressed in HIV-infected CD4(+) T cells, indicating increased tension between proapoptotic and prosurvival family members-and sug-gesting that inhibition of prosurvival members may disproportionately affect the sur-vival of HIV-infected cells. Based on these results, we chose to study BCL-X-L due to its consistent overexpression and the availability of selective antagonists. Infection of primary CD4(+) T cells with HIV resulted in increased BCL-X-L protein expression, and treatment with two selective BCL-X-L antagonists, A-1155463 and A-1551852, led to selective death of productively infected CD4(+) T cells. In a primary cell model of la-tency, both BCL-X-L antagonists drove reductions in HIV DNA and in infectious cell frequencies both alone and in combination with the latency reversing agent bryosta-tin-1, with little off-target cytotoxicity. However, these antagonists, with or without bryostatin-1 or in combination with the highly potent latency reversing agent combi-nation phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) + ionomycin, failed to reduce total HIV DNA and infectious reservoirs in ex vivo CD4(+) T cells from antiretroviral therapy (ART)-sup-pressed donors. Our results add to growing evidence that bona fide reservoir-harbor-ing cells are resistant to multiple "kick and kill" modalities-relative to latency mod-els. We also interpret our results as encouraging further exploration of BCL-X-L antagonists for cure, where combination approaches, including with immune effec-tors, may unlock the ability to eliminate ex vivo reservoirs. IMPORTANCE Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV infection into a manageable