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关键词： 网络大数据   中小学   信息技术  

摘要： 随着科技进步和课程知识结构与教学理念的变革,教师在进行中小学信息技术教学时也要与时俱进,紧跟教育发展的时代步伐.本文立足实践重点探析网络大数据背景下中小学信息技术教学的相关情况,包括问题现状与教学要求等,并提出相应的优化策略.

关键词： big data   crisis management   cyber security threats   digital transformation   public administration digitalization   大数据   危机管理   网络安全威胁   数字化转型   公共行政数字化   Big Data   Gestión de crisis   Amenazas cibernéticas   Transformación digital   Digitalización de las administraciones públicas  

摘要： The conventional approaches in the crisis and surveillance literature posit that crisis causes increased surveillance. In this paper, we invert this relationship and instead explore how surveillance causes crises. The argument is made that excessive collection and use of personal information through for example, artificial intelligence and algorithms without clear purposes by public and private organizations must be understood as a creeping crisis. This excessive surveillance leads to vulnerabilities and complexities in organizations, making them highly susceptible to data hacks, data leaks, and cyber attacks. Consequently, organizational and political crises are bound to occur. We identify the main challenges for governments, regulatory agencies, and citizens in this creeping crisis. Explanations focusing on policy attention, policy responsiveness, and policy framing are considered for why excessive surveillance has yet to be recognized as a crisis. 危机和监控文献中的传统方法认为, 危机会导致监控增加。本文中, 我们颠倒了这种关系, 转而探讨监控如何导致危机。论证认为, 公共和私人组织在没有明确目的的情况下通过人工智能和算法等方式过度收集和使用个人信息, 这必须被理解为一种慢性危机。这种过度监控导致组织中的脆弱性和复杂性, 使其极易受到数据黑客、数据泄露和网络攻击。因此, 组织危机和政治危机必然会发生。我们识别了政府、监管机构和公民在这场慢性危机中面临的主要挑战。我们考虑了一系列聚焦于政策注意力、政策响应度和政策框架的解释, 以理解为何过度监控尚未被视为一场危机。 Los enfoques convencionales en la literatura sobre crisis y vigilancia postulan que la crisis causa una mayor vigilancia. En este artículo, invertimos esta relación y, en cambio, exploramos cómo la vigilancia causa crisis. Se argumenta que la recopilación y el uso excesivos de información personal mediante, por ejemplo, inteligencia artificial y algoritmos sin fines claros por parte de organizaciones públicas y privadas debe entenderse como una crisis progresiva. Esta vigilancia excesiva conduce a vulnerabilidades y complejidades en las organizaciones, lo que las hace altamente susceptibles a ataques informáticos, fugas de datos y ciberataques. En consecuencia, es inevitable que se produzcan crisis organizacionales y políticas. Identificamos los principales desa

摘要： 信息技术的迅猛发展和大数据时代的来临,为各行各业带来了前所未有的变革与挑战,事业单位档案信息资源的管理与利用也面临着新的机遇与挑战.事业单位档案资源具有全面性、丰富性、广泛性、连续性、多样性和复杂性等特点,是单位发展历程的全方位记录,包含丰富的历史数据、业务经验和知识资源.然而,传统的档案管理方式已难以满足现代信息管理的需求,如何有效地挖掘和分析这些档案信息资源,提升档案管理效能,挖掘档案潜在价值,促进信息资源共享与协同工作,应对大数据时代的挑战与机遇,已成为亟待解决的问题.基于此,本文旨在探讨事业单位档案信息资源挖掘与分析的必要性、方法和技术,以期为事业单位档案管理工作的发展提供有益的参考和借鉴.

关键词： Binary panel data   cross-sectional dependence   interactive effects   maximum likelihood estimator (MLE)   probit model  

摘要： In this paper, we propose a new estimation approach for binary panel data model with error cross-sectional dependence. The estimation approach does not need to estimate the interactive effects in model. The asymptotic property of this proposed estimator is established as long as N is fixed and T goes to infinity. Finally, we present some Monte Carlo studies on the small sample properties of the proposed estimator for binary panel data model with error cross-sectional dependence, showing that our proposed estimator performs well. © 2025 Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.