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关键词： 互联网+   物资设备管理   问题   对策  

摘要： “互联网+”为各行各业提供了信息化技术,能处理复杂的信息,帮助管理人员快速制定管理策略。对如何在“互联网+”时代加强工程物资设备管理展开研究,帮助工程建设方解决物资管理问题,达到提质增效的目的。

关键词： 建筑工程   施工技术   现场施工管理   措施  

摘要： 在社会快速发展的带动下,我国建筑工程行业的发展取得了良好的成绩,与此同时各个地区大量的新兴建筑工程企业应时而生从而使得行业内的竞争越发得激烈。建筑工程企业要想保证自身能够在严峻的竞争中长期处在不败的境地,那么最为重要的就是需要从各个细节入手来进行施工现场的管理工作,促进工程施工质量的不断提升。施工单位要想切实的对工程施工质量加以保障,那么就需要对施工技术管理工作加以重点关注,充分结合各方面实际情况来制定切实可行的工程施工管理方案,为后续各项实践工作的实施给予良好的辅助。

关键词： Child marriage   Conceptual framework   Malawi   Niger   Bangladesh   Agency   Sexual and reproductive health   Poverty   Social norms   Girls’ education  

摘要： Purpose: The child marriage field lacks a simplified framework that connects an understanding of the drivers of child marriage for girls to decisions about the design of interventions to delay marriage within different contexts and support married girls. Methods: We reviewed existing child marriage frameworks and conducted consultations with experts working on child marriage. We then developed a simplified conceptual framework describing the key drivers of child marriage for girls. We explored how these drivers play out and interact using qualitative data from three settings where child marriage is common: Bangladesh, Malawi, and Niger. Results: The final conceptual framework lays out five core drivers of child marriage for girls, which vary and interact across contexts. Social norms and poverty are shown as core drivers that underlie lack of agency, lack of opportunity, and pregnancy/fear of pregnancy. These drivers reflect community, household, and individuallevel factors. The case studies highlight the important relationships between these drivers, and the way they interact within each context. We use these examples to explore how policymakers and practitioners might identify the most appropriate interventions to address child marriage across different settings. Conclusions: We offer this framework as a starting point to guide more targeted interventions and policies that address the complex combination of child marriage drivers within each setting. By adapting this framework to different settings, those designing and implementing child marriage prevention interventions can identify the key drivers in each setting, understand how those drivers interact, and more effectively target effective interventions. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine.

关键词： Digital Twin   big data   geographic information system   smart city   Urban Facility Management   Apache Spark  

摘要： The ever increasing pace of IoT deployment is opening the door to concrete implementations of smart city applications, enabling the large-scale sensing and modeling of (near-)real-time digital replicas of physical processes and environments. This digital replica could serve as the basis of a decision support system, providing insights into possible optimizations of resources in a smart city scenario. In this article, we discuss an extension of a prior work, presenting a detailed proof-of-concept implementation of a Digital Twin solution for the Urban Facility Management (UFM) process. The Interactive Planning Platform for City District Adaptive Maintenance Operations (IPPODAMO) is a distributed geographical system, fed with and ingesting heterogeneous data sources originating from different urban data providers. The data are subject to continuous refinements and algorithmic processes, used to quantify and build synthetic indexes measuring the activity level inside an area of interest. IPPODAMO takes into account potential interference from other stakeholders in the urban environment, enabling the informed scheduling of operations, aimed at minimizing interference and the costs of operations.

关键词： WEEE   Waste management   Sustainability   Selective collection   Cooperative  

摘要： An opportunity to reduce the costs of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) collection operation is to include WEEE in the already existing selective collection flows (inflows that present idleness). In this context, this paper aims to ascertain whether it is attractive for recycling cooperatives in a determined Brazilian municipality to include a selective collection of WEEE in their operating systems. This research uses a method structured in eight steps, involving WEEE generation, waste treatment, transport and distribution processes, besides the economic analysis steps. We conclude that WEEE inclusion is economically attractive when recycling cooperative receives support from scrap dealers and the government. Two points can be highlighted as barriers to the referred cooperatives operation: the distance between cooperatives and the recycling industry is generally long;and large generators and recycling industries do not establish agreements directly with cooperatives (because these cooperatives do not offer large volumes). This study shows that recycling factories are far from the municipality and estimates that the amount of recyclable materials collected by each cooperative is low. Thus, we suggest as public policies to establish incentives for recycling factories to settle in the municipality and to encourage the formation of cooperative associations. These cooperatives can jointly sell recyclable materials to become medium-sized suppliers. This study also estimates the amount of WEEE generated in the municipality. This estimate was important for the study because there is a lack of studies that estimate WEEE generation at the municipal level mainly in developing countries.

关键词： antihistamines   driving‐   impairing medicines   drug utilization   driving under the influence  

摘要： Background First-generation antihistamines are considered driving-impairing medicines (DIM), while second- and third-generation antihistamines are relatively safe for driving. Objectives The aim of this study was to know the trend of consumption of antihistamines and other DIMs in Spain between 2015 and 2019. Methods This is a population-based registry study. The population distribution by age and gender has been taken into account, as well the treatment duration with these medicines and the concomitant use of other DIMs. Adjusted consumption for licensed drivers is also presented. Results Between 2015 and 2019, antihistamines were dispensed to 12.1% of the population and 9.25% of drivers. Oral antihistamines are the most consumed with 85.83%, and generally more used by women than men. Regardless of systemic antihistamines, the second-generation were the most consumed (8.9%) followed by the third-generation (2.07%) and the first-generation (0.61%). Subacute use was predominant in second -generation antihistamines (4.96%) and third-generation (1.26%), while acute use was predominant in third-generation antihistamines. On the other hand, only 0.36% of the population consumed antihistamines daily. The concomitant use of antihistamines with other DIMS was considerable, especially anxiolytics, opioids, other analgesics and antipyretics and antidepressants. The results in drivers were similar than in the general population. Conclusions The use of antihistamines has increased in recent years, however, in Spain, the use of less sedatives predominates, which is safe for driving. Finally, it is important to consider that concomitant use with other DIMs was frequent, which may affect the fitness to drive.

关键词： Gardening   Grassland vegetation   Plant species development   Stormwater basin   Typha sp   Wetland vegetation  

摘要： Infiltration basins have been designed to receive and infiltrate stormwater. Upstream, the stormwater runs off urban surfaces, is collected by the sewer system, and then routed to infiltration basins. Then, the suspended solids carried by stormwater accumulate at the surface and form a sedimentary layer. Plants then colonize the soil surface and shape a new ecological system, ruling at the same time water quality and quantity. In this study, we monitored the dynamics of vegetation over two decades in two infiltration basins. One of these basins was subjected to vegetation maintenance (planting and mowing once every year), whereas the other basin was left to be colonized by spontaneous vegetation. Basic maintenance (1/year) may change the species at the beginning of the operation of the basins, but the impact is short term. However, this may be sufficient to prevent the growth of some invasive species. In the long term, spontaneous vegetation and water regimes turn the original ecosystem into a new one, combining initial planted species with new species. Our results show that the water regime seems to be the main factor controlling vegetation and that dry conditions allow the establishment of grasslands with typical plant species. Vegetation maintenance and the management of water levels may help prevent the establishment of invasive species and maintain species for the optimal functioning of infiltration basins.

关键词： Automotive lighting   current source converter   efficiency optimization   LCL-T resonant converter   LED driver   multiple-output dc-dc converters  

摘要： This article presents a two-stage automotive LED driver architecture delivering independently regulated output currents to multiple LED strings. The system consists of a multiphase noninverting buck-boost front-end stage, which allows for a wide battery voltage range, followed by high-frequency immittance-network-based LCL-T resonant converters, which operate as current sources over wide output voltage ranges. The two-stage buck-boost + resonant (BB+resonant) architecture takes advantage of the buck and boost capability of both stages, and the flexibility in setting the intermediate bus voltage to minimize losses. Advantages of the BB+resonant architecture include the use of lower voltage rated devices and soft switching in the resonant stage, leading to reduced losses and size. Experimental results are provided for a prototype consisting of a 250-kHz two-phase front-end stage and 2-MHz LCL-T resonant stages delivering independently regulated 1 A currents to four LED strings with N = 1- 18 LEDs. The measured system efficiency is greater than 88% over wide input (8-18 V) and output (3-50 V) voltage ranges, with a peak efficiency of 93%.

关键词： Crash consistency   File system   Non-volatile memory   Multicore scalability  

摘要： In file systems, a single write system call can make multiple modifications to data and metadata, but such changes are not flushed in an atomic way. To retain the consistency of file systems, conventional approaches guarantee crash consistency in exchange for sacrificing system performance. To mitigate the performance penalty, non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies are believed to be a good candidate for this purpose owing to their low latency and byte-addressibility. However, none of the prior proposals that exploit NVM provide both scalability and strict ordering of modifications. In this article, we propose montage, a crash consistency framework for file systems that consists of two parts. First, montage splits NVM space into multiple staging areas and synchronizes the flushing of modifications these to the storage device. Second, montage uses the pipelined architecture to speed up data flushing to storage. We apply montage to two journaling file systems (ext4 and JFS) and evaluate them on a multicore server with high-performance storage. The evaluation results demonstrate that our design exhibits better performance by a wide margin than recent NVM-based journaling file systems.

关键词： governance   local government   planning   policy   technology   smart cities  

摘要： Recent geographical attention to smart places has underlined the key point that smart places are made: crafted incrementally over time and woven through existing sites and contexts. Work on analysing the crafting of 'actually existing' smart cities has turned to describing and characterising the processes through which smart cities are made and, within this, the interplay and relative significance of accidental versus purposeful smart cities has come to the fore. Drawing on the concept of dispositif to capture the simultaneity of piecemeal and opportunistic change with deliberate strategy, this paper furthers these debates using examples of two places within the Sydney Metropolitan Region, Australia: Newcastle and Parramatta. Through their analysis we identify the evolving interplay of a priori drivers, ad hoc initiatives and post hoc strategies evident in the crafting of smart cities. Understanding the emergence of actually existing smart cities, we conclude, is sharpened and strengthened by the concept of dispositif, through its attention to processes characterised by non-linear, overlapping and recursively combined drivers that are not without purposeful, strategic intent.