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关键词： Digital Twin   big data   geographic information system   smart city   Urban Facility Management   Apache Spark  

摘要： The ever increasing pace of IoT deployment is opening the door to concrete implementations of smart city applications, enabling the large-scale sensing and modeling of (near-)real-time digital replicas of physical processes and environments. This digital replica could serve as the basis of a decision support system, providing insights into possible optimizations of resources in a smart city scenario. In this article, we discuss an extension of a prior work, presenting a detailed proof-of-concept implementation of a Digital Twin solution for the Urban Facility Management (UFM) process. The Interactive Planning Platform for City District Adaptive Maintenance Operations (IPPODAMO) is a distributed geographical system, fed with and ingesting heterogeneous data sources originating from different urban data providers. The data are subject to continuous refinements and algorithmic processes, used to quantify and build synthetic indexes measuring the activity level inside an area of interest. IPPODAMO takes into account potential interference from other stakeholders in the urban environment, enabling the informed scheduling of operations, aimed at minimizing interference and the costs of operations.

关键词： Child marriage   Conceptual framework   Malawi   Niger   Bangladesh   Agency   Sexual and reproductive health   Poverty   Social norms   Girls’ education  

摘要： Purpose: The child marriage field lacks a simplified framework that connects an understanding of the drivers of child marriage for girls to decisions about the design of interventions to delay marriage within different contexts and support married girls. Methods: We reviewed existing child marriage frameworks and conducted consultations with experts working on child marriage. We then developed a simplified conceptual framework describing the key drivers of child marriage for girls. We explored how these drivers play out and interact using qualitative data from three settings where child marriage is common: Bangladesh, Malawi, and Niger. Results: The final conceptual framework lays out five core drivers of child marriage for girls, which vary and interact across contexts. Social norms and poverty are shown as core drivers that underlie lack of agency, lack of opportunity, and pregnancy/fear of pregnancy. These drivers reflect community, household, and individuallevel factors. The case studies highlight the important relationships between these drivers, and the way they interact within each context. We use these examples to explore how policymakers and practitioners might identify the most appropriate interventions to address child marriage across different settings. Conclusions: We offer this framework as a starting point to guide more targeted interventions and policies that address the complex combination of child marriage drivers within each setting. By adapting this framework to different settings, those designing and implementing child marriage prevention interventions can identify the key drivers in each setting, understand how those drivers interact, and more effectively target effective interventions. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine.

关键词： 设备管理   专业素能   强化   具现   高效管理  

摘要： 烟草行业商业企业物流中心设备管理员,主要承担入库、分拣打码、包装设备的运行维护与保养;设备分级分类评估;设备一机一档档案管理;设备备件验收、领用、登记、发放;年度维保计划的编制与实施等工作,是保障分拣任务顺利完成的重要力量.设备管理员工作的好坏将直接关系到分拣效率与质量,对企业的正常运行与持续发展起到越来越重要的作用.

关键词： 混凝土搅拌站   设备管理   维修技巧和常识  

摘要： 本文主要讲述了三个内容,第一个主要内容是混凝土搅拌站设备的构成及其工作原理.第二个主要内容是混凝土搅拌站各部件常见故障、原因和主要排除方法.第三个主要内容是几种常用的混凝土设备维修和改造小技巧.

标准号: DB1404/T 8-2021

关键词： Expatriation   migration   role of the firm   international human resource management   push and pull   systematic literature review  

摘要： Being able to compete in the global marketplace for highly skilled migrants is becoming increasingly important for economic prosperity. This study draws on neoclassical push and pull theory to investigate the state of scientific knowledge concerning the role of the firm in attracting highly skilled international migrants to individual host countries. Systematically reviewing economic analyses of migration flow drivers as well as management studies with organizational or individual perspectives, it establishes key themes and methodological patterns that shed light on the broader context in which firms and human resource management practitioners exert direct and indirect influences on migration decisions. Research has explored drivers of migration flows largely from an individual perspective, putting particular emphasis on relocation motivations and the career experiences of those who move abroad. However, we are still lacking a clear understanding of what kinds of companies attract international talent. The debate is missing a systematic framework and shows some notable theoretical gaps. Propositions for a future research agenda are discussed.

关键词： Automobile drivers  

摘要： In the past, in-vehicle head-up displays (HUDs) were used to display simple information including driving speed and the distance between cars. However, recent HUDs now display complex information such as advanced driver assistance information. This study aims to identify the effects of visual enhancements for HUDs on the driver's performance and workload. Twenty participants conducted the tracking tasks for information search while driving in an automotive simulator environment. The participants experienced three levels of visual enhancements (none, shaded reference bar, translucent reference bar) for each task difficulty (low, medium, high). The results showed that visual enhancements and task difficulties had a significant effect on the tracking errors and subjective workloads. These findings verify that the translucent reference bar significantly improved the tracking performance. Furthermore, the visual enhancement cues on the HUDs play an important role in visual search. This research provides practical guidelines to ensure road safety through minimizing cognitive workload on drivers. Therefore, the results will encourage interface designers to consider the visual enhancement for HUDs from a user-centered perspective.

关键词： beta-diversity   parasite macroecology   temperature   precipitation   climate   spatial distance  

摘要： A robust understanding of what drives parasite beta-diversity is an essential step towards explaining what limits pathogens' geographical spread. We used a novel global dataset (latitude -39.8 to 61.05 and longitude -117.84 to 151.49) on helminths of anurans to investigate how the relative roles of climate, host composition and spatial distance to parasite beta-diversity vary with spatial scale (global, Nearctic and Neotropical), parasite group (nematodes and trematodes) and host taxonomic subset (family). We found that spatial distance is the most important driver of parasite beta-diversity at the global scale. Additionally, we showed that the relative effects of climate concerning distance increase at the regional scale when compared with the global scale and that trematodes are generally more responsive to climate than nematodes. Unlike previous studies done at the regional scale, we did not find an effect of host composition on parasite beta-diversity. Our study presents a new contribution to parasite macroecological theory, evidencing spatial and taxonomic contingencies of parasite beta-diversity patterns, which are related to the zoogeographical realm and host taxonomic subset, respectively. This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe'.