关键词:
線上教育資源
抗生素抗藥性
流行病
武裝衝突
聯合國預防性武力部署
和平教育
摘要:
According to free online documents, presented in the article, antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health issue expected to claim as many as 10 million victims in 2050. Armed conflicts contribute to accelerate the growth of this top global health issue. Among the causes, there are health care services, including surgery, delivered in the precarious conditions of war-torn countries with antibiotic misuse, and lack of rapid diagnostic aimed at selecting the antibiotic that works better. Forced displacement of populations consequent to armed conflicts, combined with lack of housing, healthcare, water and sanitation also contribute to spread resistant microorganisms. These latter may persist long time in the new environments. Even several epidemics outbreaks are associated with armed conflicts. In some parts of Africa for instance, populations hiding from enemies in the forest and having no other choice than eating bushmeat, are highly exposed to risk of infections from Ebola virus. Pathogens know no borders and, with so many people continuously flying, the risk of outbreaks spreading widely is increased. The United Nations Peacekeeping Forces assists countries torn by conflict in the transition to a lasting peace, e.g. providing mediation, monitoring movements and actions of fighting forces, and helping to demobilise troops. United Nations operations in areas of crisis, however, generally start after conflict has occurred. Conversely, a United Nations preventive deployment of force has shown the cost effectiveness of preventing a conflict, for international peace and security. This 1995/1999 mission is considered as an unquestionable success and a model for future, nevertheless, remains the only one of this kind. With world military expenditures more than 300 times higher than the cost of maintaining United Nations Peacekeeping, the forces available for peace are too few. In addition, generating a peacekeeping force may even take years. Physical activity and he