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关键词： comparative genome hybridization   CGH   evolution   fluorescence in situ hybridization   FISH   heterochromatin   rDNA   karyotype   reptiles   sex determination   sex chromosomes   telomeres  

摘要： The lizards of the species-rich clade Scincoidea including cordylids, gerrhosaurids, skinks, and xantusiids, show an almost cosmopolitan geographical distribution and a remarkable ecological and morphological divergence. However, previous studies revealed limited variability in cytogenetic traits. The sex determination mode was revealed only in a handful of gerrhosaurid, skink, and xantusiid species, which demonstrated either ZZ/ZW or XX/XY sex chromosomes. In this study, we explored the karyotypes of six species of skinks, two species of cordylids, and one gerrhosaurid. We applied conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods, including C-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes specific for telomeric motifs and rDNA loci, and comparative genomic hybridization. The diploid chromosome numbers are rather conserved among these species, but the chromosome morphology, the presence of interstitial telomeric sequences, and the topology of rDNA loci vary significantly. Notably, XX/XY sex chromosomes were identified only in Tiliqua scincoides, where, in contrast to the X chromosome, the Y chromosome lacks accumulations of rDNA loci. We confirm that within the lizards of the scincoidean clade, sex chromosomes remained in a generally poor stage of differentiation.

摘要： Over the last few decades wellbeing has occupied a significant space in the educational context due to enduring concerns about the mental health of children and adolescents, both while they are engaged in their schooling and beyond school and into adulthood. Because of this, many schools have adopted a prevention-to-intervention framework for addressing mental health and wellbeing. However, wellbeing is not solely concerned with mental health, and the field of wellbeing in education has continued to be influenced by many different theories and approaches. Holistic education is one particular perspective that goes beyond mental and physical health to frequently highlight the spiritual aspect of the child in relation to their overall wellbeing. In this perspective, spirituality is a dimension of the child that schools have a duty to nurture. Yet, despite its enduring position in theology, religion, philosophy and education, spirituality is an ineffable phenomenon. Whether confined to religion or viewed as an abiding aspect of humanity itself, spirituality remains a nebulous ontological field of inquiry. As schools privilege experiences in children that teachers can observe, the predominantly unseen ontological experiences occurring in the life of the child tend to be unnoticed. Disregarding what is ontologically obscured is an educational problem that this study seeks to address, given the connection between wellbeing and spirituality posited by holistic education. This study, therefore, questions the vague positioning of spirituality in the context of education, particularly as it is situated in relation to wellbeing. The philosophical and methodological frame chosen for this study is hermeneutic phenomenology. By focussing on the lived experiences of parents, teachers, principals and pre-adolescent children this study illuminates the significance of wellbeing and spirituality as ontological phenomena in education. Interviews were conducted in Victoria with participa

摘要： The field of landscape genetics enables the study of infectious disease dynamics by connecting the landscape features with evolutionary changes. Quantifying genetic correlation across space is helpful in providing insight into the rate of spread of an infectious disease. We investigate two genetic patterns in spatially referenced single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): isolation by distance and isolation by resistance. We model the data using a Generalized Linear Mixed effect Model (GLMM) with spatially referenced random effects and provide a novel approach for estimating parameters in spatial GLMMs. In this approach, we use the links between binary probit models and bivariate normal probabilities to directly compute the model-based covariance function for spatial binary data. Parameter estimation is based on minimizing sum of squared distance between the elements of sample covariance and model-based covariance matrices. We analyze Brucella Abortus SNP data from spatially referenced hosts in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE).B. abortus is a bacterium which causes Brucellosis in human, wildlife, and livestock. We propose a hierarchical model to describe the transmission of Brucellosis in elk in the GYE. We model the disease spread process using a dynamical stochastic spatiotemporal susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model that captures spatial heterogeneity in dynamics using a conditional autoregressive (CAR) covariance structure in parameter model. To inform spatial rates of transmission, we propose estimating elk movement and migration rates using two different migration/immigration models. Our proposed disease spread process is constrained and we propose a numerical approximation method to find the numerical solution of the constrained process by projection of the numerical solution of unconstrained *** behavior of animal changes over longer time scales. Multistate time series models based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are popular that enab

关键词： 无创胚胎染色体筛查技术   体外受精-胚胎移植   染色体易位携带者   胚胎植入   遗传学诊断  

摘要： 体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)辅助技术所获得的胚胎在39-65%以上存下染色体异常,而良好发育潜能的正常胚胎是成功妊娠乃至分娩的关键。如果能在胚胎植入前进行遗传学检测,将染色体正常的胚胎植入宫腔内,可有效提高反复移植失败或高龄患者的妊娠率以及分娩结局。然而,获取卵裂期胚胎细胞或胚囊滋养层细胞均属于有创操作,不仅降低胚胎质量,且存在0.6%-1.1%的流产风险,因此人们一直致力于早期、安全且精准的方式来排查胚胎染色体异常。近几年来,胚胎培养液中游离的DNA的发现为胚胎遗传学物质的无创检测提供可能。但关于无创胚胎染色体检测染色体易位应用研究鲜有报道,为此本文就对无创胚胎染色体筛查技术在染色体易位携带者胚胎植入前遗传学诊断研究进展做一综述,旨在为染色体易位携带者胚胎植入前遗传学诊断提供可靠依据。

关键词： 帕金森病   炎性肠病   LRRK2基因   肠道微生物   肠-脑轴  

摘要： 帕金森病是一种常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病。在共病研究中发现帕金森病与胃肠道疾病密切关联,两者之间的关系可能涉及“肠-脑轴”紊乱。有遗传学证据和流行病学证据将帕金森病与炎性肠病联系起来。文中将从遗传学证据及“肠-脑轴”的相关概念简述帕金森病和炎性肠病之间的关联。

关键词： 真姬菇   交配型   核迁移   原生质体  

摘要： 真姬菇是一种优质珍稀食用菌,已实现工厂化栽培,营养和保健价值较高。以真姬菇1个菌株B5为材料,用原生质体单核化和单孢分离的方法分别分离原生质体单核体和孢子单核体,进行四极性交配型的遗传学分析,在此基础上,结合核迁移试验,对4种交配型的孢子单核体进行交配型的准确鉴定。通过原生质体单核化获得567个原生质体单核体,采用标准测交菌株法,确定测交菌株T1、T2的交配型为A1B1、A2B2;通过单孢分离获得94个孢子单核体,常规鉴定出T1、T2、T3和T44种交配型的数量分别为24、27、25和17,另外还鉴定出1个重组交配型T5(ArBr);通过核迁移试验,准确鉴定出4种交配型分别为A1B1、A2B2、A1B2和A2B1;χ2检验同时证实真姬菇是四极性异宗结合担子菌。

关键词： 分子免疫学   免疫遗传学   免疫学技术   征订启事   临床免疫学   中华医学会   肿瘤免疫学   临床微生物学  

摘要： 《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志》为中华医学会主办31981年创刊,主要报道医学微生物学和免疫学方面的研究论文、简报、评论、综述、国内外学术动态、书评及消息等。本刊辟有:细菌学、病毒学、分子微生物学、临床微生物学、疫苗学、感染免疫、基础免疫学、临床免疫学、分子免疫学、免疫遗传学、肿瘤免疫学、中药与免疫、免疫学技术、检测技术等栏目。

关键词： 黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶   黄体酮软胶囊   胚胎植入前遗传学检测   冻融胚胎移植   激素替代   黄体支持  

摘要： 目的比较黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶联合地屈孕酮和黄体酮软胶囊联合地屈孕酮作为胚胎植入前遗传学检测(PGT)冻融胚胎移植后黄体支持的效果。方法选择2017年6月~2020年6月在我院接受PGT助孕的209例患者,根据在激素替代冻融胚胎移植周期中阴道黄体支持用药的不同将患者分为2组:黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶(雪诺同)+地屈孕酮组(n=135)和黄体酮软胶囊(安琪坦)+地屈孕酮组(n=74),比较两种联合用药方案的临床应用效果及妊娠结局。结果两组的年龄、不孕年限、抗苗勒氏激素、基础窦卵泡数、BMI、基础FSH、基础LH、基础E2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组Gn启动剂量、Gn时间、Gn总剂量、h CG日LH、E2、P及内膜厚度、获卵数、MII卵子数、受精数及可移植囊胚数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组冻胚移植周期内膜准备时间、内膜转化日P和内膜厚度、生化妊娠率(69.63%vs 78.38%)、临床妊娠率(62.96%vs 72.97%)、流产率(12.94%vs 11.11%)、早孕阴道出血率(20%vs 27.78%)及阴道出血者的流产率(35.29%vs 20%)的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶联合地屈孕酮和黄体酮软胶囊联合地屈孕酮作为PGT冻融胚胎移植后黄体支持可获得相似的临床效果。